Morphology control of surfactant-assisted graphene oxide films at the liquid-gas interface.

Control of a two-dimensional (2D) structure of assembled graphene oxide (GO) sheets is highly desirable for fundamental research and potential applications of graphene devices. We show that an alkylamine surfactant, i.e., octadecylamine (ODA), Langmuir monolayer can be utilized as a template for adsorbing highly hydrophilic GO sheets in an aqueous subphase at the liquid-gas interface. The densely packed 2-D monolayer of such complex films was obtained on arbitrary substrates by applying Langmuir-Schaefer or Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Morphology control of GO sheets was also achieved upon compression by tuning the amount of spread ODA molecules. We found that ODA surfactant monolayers prevent GO sheets from sliding, resulting in formation of wrinkling rather than overlapping at the liquid-gas interface during the compression. The morphology structures did not change after a graphitization procedure of chemical hydrazine reduction and thermal annealing treatments. Since morphologies of graphene films are closely correlated to the performance of graphene-based materials, the technique employed in this study can provide a route for applications requiring wrinkled graphenes, ranging from nanoelectronic devices to energy storage materials, such as supercapacitors and fuel cell electrodes.