Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Int J Pharm. 2014 Apr 25;465(1-2):52-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.043. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
New active dry powder inhaler systems were developed and tested to efficiently aerosolize a carrier-free formulation. To assess inhaler performance, a challenging case study of aerosol lung delivery during high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was selected. The active delivery system consisted of a ventilation bag for actuating the device, the DPI containing a flow control orifice and 3D rod array, and streamlined nasal cannula with separate inlets for the aerosol and HFNC therapy gas. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess deposition in the device, emitted dose (ED) from the nasal cannula, and powder deaggregation. The best performing systems achieved EDs of 70-80% with fine particle fractions <5 μm of 65-85% and mass median aerodynamic diameters of 1.5 μm, which were target conditions for controlled condensational growth aerosol delivery. Decreasing the size of the flow control orifice from 3.6 to 2.3mm reduced the flow rate through the system with manual bag actuations from an average of 35 to 15LPM, while improving ED and aerosolization performance. The new devices can be applied to improve aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation, nose-to-lung aerosol administration, and to assist patients that cannot reproducibly use passive DPIs.
开发并测试了新型主动干粉吸入器系统，以有效地将无载体制剂气溶胶化。为了评估吸入器的性能，选择了高流量鼻插管 (HFNC) 治疗期间气溶胶肺部输送的挑战性案例研究。主动输送系统包括用于启动装置的通风袋、含有流量控制孔和 3D 棒阵列的 DPI 以及带有单独入口的流线型鼻插管，用于气溶胶和 HFNC 治疗气体。进行了体外实验以评估装置中的沉积、从鼻插管中发射的剂量 (ED) 和粉末解聚。性能最佳的系统实现了 ED 为 70-80%，<5μm 的细颗粒分数为 65-85%，质量中值空气动力学直径为 1.5μm，这是受控凝结生长气溶胶输送的目标条件。将流量控制孔的尺寸从 3.6 减小到 2.3mm，通过手动袋操作使通过系统的流速从平均 35 降低到 15LPM，同时改善了 ED 和雾化性能。新型设备可用于改善机械通气期间的气溶胶输送、鼻到肺的气溶胶给药，以及帮助无法重复使用被动 DPI 的患者。
