Rouse B T, Norley S, Martin S
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0845.
Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Jan-Feb;10(1):16-33. doi: 10.1093/clinids/10.1.16.
In developing vaccines to counteract viral infections, it is important to produce reagents that engender the type of immune response best suited to provide protection and avoid immunopathology. Recovery from infection is the principal role of T cell immunity, and cells that recognize virus-infected cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) and kill them--often before new virus is replicated--represent a crucial component of the recovery process. The cytotoxic T lymphocytes are particularly important in situations where the load of infection is high. In this review the cells and mediators, as well as the viral and host cell antigens involved in antiviral induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the intracellular pathway of processing taken by viral antigens and the outcome in terms of the recognition of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The new types of vaccines--especially subunits, antiidiotypes, and recombinant viral vectors--are discussed in terms of their likely effectiveness at inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
在研发对抗病毒感染的疫苗时，生产能引发最适合提供保护并避免免疫病理的免疫反应类型的试剂非常重要。从感染中恢复是T细胞免疫的主要作用，识别病毒感染细胞（细胞毒性T淋巴细胞）并将其杀死（通常在新病毒复制之前）的细胞是恢复过程的关键组成部分。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞在感染负荷高的情况下尤为重要。在这篇综述中，讨论了参与细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗病毒诱导的细胞、介质以及病毒和宿主细胞抗原。特别关注病毒抗原所采用的细胞内加工途径的重要性以及细胞毒性T淋巴细胞识别方面的结果。从诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的可能有效性方面讨论了新型疫苗——尤其是亚单位疫苗、抗独特型疫苗和重组病毒载体。
