Mazzuca Claudia, Micheli Laura, Marini Federico, Bevilacqua Marta, Bocchinfuso Gianfranco, Palleschi Giuseppe, Palleschi Antonio
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, Rome 00133, Italy.
Chem Cent J. 2014 Feb 10;8(1):10. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-8-10.
Paper based artworks are probably ones of the most difficult materials to restore, because of their complexity and fragile structure. Cleaning of paper artifacts, one of the process commonly carried out during restoration, usually involves the use of solvents (organic or not), that may cause several troubles, like swelling and dissolution of some components, and may also be harmful to the users.
Innovative procedure for cleaning paper artworks is reported in this paper. It is based on the use of rheoreversible, biocompatible hydrogels containing poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) and α-cyclodextrin. We have studied two types of polymer with different hydrophobic properties in order to obtain two different hydrogels with slightly different cleaning capabilities. Our overall strategy has been to develop innovative systems based on these hydrogels so as to better confront the problems that a restorer faces during the cleaning of paper samples. Rheoreversible hydrogels are intriguing materials because their application and removal is not invasive and does not require a liquid treatment that could induce damage to the paper.
These hydrogels have been applied in the cleaning of both new and aged paper samples and their cleaning efficiency has been established. Moreover, by comparison with traditional methods, the greater efficacy of the proposed procedure has been demonstrated.To assess the cleaning efficacy of these hydrogels, a multidisciplinary approach, combining non-invasive spectroscopic infrared techniques together with scanning electron microscopy, chromatographic (HPLC) analysis and pH investigations has been used. Near infrared spectroscopy spectra were coupled with a chemometric analysis to achieve a better interpretation of data.This work constitutes a preliminary step towards focused study in the development of α-cyclodextrin/polymer hydrogel family which will allow cleaning of paper artifacts with peculiar characteristics.
纸质艺术品可能是最难修复的材料之一，因其结构复杂且脆弱。纸质文物的清洁是修复过程中常见的操作之一，通常需要使用溶剂（有机或无机），这可能会引发诸多问题，如某些成分的肿胀和溶解，还可能对使用者有害。
本文报道了一种用于清洁纸质艺术品的创新方法。该方法基于使用含聚环氧乙烷或聚环氧乙烷 - 聚环氧丙烷 - 聚环氧乙烷与α - 环糊精的流变可逆、生物相容性水凝胶。我们研究了两种具有不同疏水特性的聚合物，以获得清洁能力略有不同的两种水凝胶。我们的总体策略是开发基于这些水凝胶的创新系统，以便更好地应对修复人员在清洁纸质样品时面临的问题。流变可逆水凝胶是有趣的材料，因为它们的应用和去除不会造成侵入性，且不需要可能对纸张造成损害的液体处理。
这些水凝胶已应用于新的和老化的纸质样品的清洁，并确定了它们的清洁效率。此外，与传统方法相比，已证明所提出方法具有更高的功效。为了评估这些水凝胶的清洁效果，采用了一种多学科方法，将非侵入性光谱红外技术与扫描电子显微镜、色谱（HPLC）分析和pH值研究相结合。近红外光谱与化学计量分析相结合，以更好地解释数据。这项工作是朝着聚焦研究α - 环糊精/聚合物水凝胶家族发展迈出的初步步骤，该家族将允许清洁具有特殊特征的纸质文物。
