Department of Radiology, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA,
Curr Urol Rep. 2014 Apr;15(4):399. doi: 10.1007/s11934-014-0399-0.
Varicocele is a common treatable cause of testicular pain, male infertility, and Leydig cell dysfunction. Scrotal ultrasonography has become the modality of choice in the diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of varicocele. Visualization of dilated veins and reflux into the pampiniform plexus enables accurate diagnosis. Although the pathophysiology of varicocele in testicular dysfunction remains unclear, numerous studies have established significant improvement in the seminal parameters and pregnancy rates after varicocele repair. Interventional therapy is a minimally invasive effective treatment option for primary and salvage varicocele repair. This review discusses sonographic criteria used in the pre- and post-procedural evaluation of varicocele and various interventional techniques for varicocele treatment.
精索静脉曲张是导致睾丸疼痛、男性不育和莱迪希细胞功能障碍的常见可治疗原因。阴囊超声检查已成为精索静脉曲张诊断和治疗后随访的首选方法。扩张静脉的可视化和向精索内静脉丛的反流使准确诊断成为可能。尽管精索静脉曲张导致睾丸功能障碍的病理生理学仍不清楚，但许多研究已经证实，精索静脉曲张修复后精液参数和妊娠率有显著改善。介入治疗是原发性和挽救性精索静脉曲张修复的一种微创有效治疗选择。这篇综述讨论了精索静脉曲张术前和术后评估中使用的超声标准，以及精索静脉曲张治疗的各种介入技术。
