Kimball Bruce A, Opiekun Maryanne, Yamazaki Kunio, Beauchamp Gary K
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2014 Apr 10;128:80-5. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.022. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
Infections have been shown to alter body odor. Because immune activation accompanies both infection and immunization, we tested the hypothesis that classical immunization might similarly result in the alteration of body odors detectable by trained biosensor mice. Using a Y-maze, we trained biosensor mice to distinguish between urine odors from rabies-vaccinated (RV) and unvaccinated control mice. RV-trained mice generalized this training to mice immunized with the equine West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine compared with urine of corresponding controls. These results suggest that there are similarities between body odors of mice immunized with these two vaccines. This conclusion was reinforced when mice could not be trained to directly discriminate between urine odors of RV- versus WNV-treated mice. Next, we trained biosensor mice to discriminate the urine odors of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a general elicitor of innate immunological responses) from the urine of control mice. These LPS-trained biosensors could distinguish between the odors of LPS-treated mouse urine and RV-treated mouse urine. Finally, biosensor mice trained to distinguish between the odors of RV-treated mouse urine and control mouse urine did not generalize this training to discriminate between the odors of LPS-treated mouse urine and control mouse urine. From these experiments, we conclude that: (1) immunization alters urine odor in similar ways for RV and WNV immunizations; and (2) immune activation with LPS also alters urine odor but in ways different from those of RV and WNV.
感染已被证明会改变体味。由于免疫激活同时伴随感染和免疫接种过程，我们测试了这样一个假设，即传统免疫接种可能同样会导致经过训练的生物传感器小鼠能够检测到的体味发生改变。我们使用Y型迷宫训练生物传感器小鼠区分接种狂犬病疫苗（RV）的小鼠和未接种疫苗的对照小鼠的尿液气味。经过RV训练的小鼠能够将这种训练推广到区分接种马西尼罗河病毒（WNV）疫苗的小鼠与相应对照小鼠的尿液气味。这些结果表明，用这两种疫苗免疫的小鼠的体味存在相似之处。当无法训练小鼠直接区分RV处理组与WNV处理组小鼠的尿液气味时，这一结论得到了进一步强化。接下来，我们训练生物传感器小鼠区分用脂多糖（LPS；一种先天性免疫反应的一般诱导剂）处理的小鼠的尿液气味与对照小鼠的尿液气味。这些经过LPS训练的生物传感器能够区分LPS处理的小鼠尿液气味和RV处理的小鼠尿液气味。最后，经过训练以区分RV处理的小鼠尿液气味和对照小鼠尿液气味的生物传感器小鼠，无法将这种训练推广到区分LPS处理的小鼠尿液气味和对照小鼠尿液气味。从这些实验中，我们得出以下结论：（1）对于RV和WNV免疫接种，免疫会以相似的方式改变尿液气味；（2）LPS引起的免疫激活也会改变尿液气味，但方式与RV和WNV不同。
