Darido Charbel, Jane Stephen M
Alfred Hospital , Prahran, Australia .
Alfred Hospital , Prahran, Australia . ; Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School , Prahran, Australia .
Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2013 Apr;2(3):87-92. doi: 10.1089/wound.2011.0352.
The Golgi apparatus is essential for protein processing, sorting, and transport. Processing includes carbohydrate modifications and proteolytic cleavage, and transport can involve secretion from the cell or relocation to a specific cellular compartment. Rapid and synchronized reorientation of the Golgi in migrating cells is thought to facilitate polarized secretion, providing membrane and secreted products to the proximal plasma membrane. This function is a fundamental process in cell motility. Whether the Golgi structure and positioning is functionally required for directed secretion and polarity in cell migration responses, such as wound healing, is yet to be elucidated.
: Exciting recent analysis examined the effects of perturbed Golgi positioning without disruption of microtubular or actin cytoskeleton assembly or protein secretion, in the context of cellular polarity and directional migration in wound repair. This was achieved by Yadav (2009) through depletion of Golgin-160 or GMAP210 (Golgi microtubule associated protein of 210 kDa), which resulted in fragmentation and dispersal of Golgi without altering secretion kinetics. As a consequence, the direction of secretion, cell polarization, and cell migration in response to wounding were severely impaired. Thus, in response to a scratch wound, cell polarity requires peri-centrosomal positioning of the Golgi apparatus, implying that after initiation by a polarity cue there is a dependence on the Golgi's directed secretion to maintain the polarized state that facilitates cell migration.
Golgi peri-centrosomal positioning can now be included among the growing list of cellular processes and signaling pathways that are critical for establishment of cellular polarity in response to external stimuli-a key feature of wound repair.
A complete understanding of the function of Golgi components in motility merits attractive avenues for future investigations that will ultimately bring regulators of Golgi into the clinic whereby treatment of skin-related disorders will greatly benefit.
高尔基体对于蛋白质加工、分选和运输至关重要。加工包括碳水化合物修饰和蛋白水解切割，运输可能涉及从细胞分泌或重新定位到特定的细胞区室。迁移细胞中高尔基体的快速同步重新定向被认为有助于极化分泌，为近端质膜提供膜和分泌产物。此功能是细胞运动的一个基本过程。高尔基体的结构和定位在诸如伤口愈合等细胞迁移反应中的定向分泌和极性方面是否具有功能上的必要性，尚待阐明。
最近令人兴奋的分析研究了在伤口修复中的细胞极性和定向迁移背景下，高尔基体定位受到干扰但不破坏微管或肌动蛋白细胞骨架组装或蛋白质分泌的影响。这是由亚达夫（2009年）通过消耗高尔基体蛋白-160或GMAP210（210 kDa的高尔基体微管相关蛋白）实现的，这导致高尔基体碎片化和分散，而不改变分泌动力学。结果，伤口刺激后的分泌方向、细胞极化和细胞迁移严重受损。因此，对划痕伤口的反应中，细胞极性需要高尔基体在中心体周围定位，这意味着在由极性信号引发后，依赖高尔基体的定向分泌来维持促进细胞迁移的极化状态。
高尔基体在中心体周围的定位现在可以被列入越来越多的细胞过程和信号通路之中，这些对于响应外部刺激建立细胞极性至关重要——这是伤口修复的一个关键特征。
全面了解高尔基体成分在运动中的功能，为未来的研究提供了有吸引力的途径，最终将使高尔基体调节剂进入临床，从而使与皮肤相关疾病的治疗受益匪浅。
