Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Itajaí SC, Brazil.
Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (CNRS UMR 7515), Strasbourg, France.
Environ Technol. 2013 Sep-Oct;34(17-20):2607-16. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2013.781228.
In Brazil, Solid Waste Disposal Sites have operated without consideration of environmental criteria, these areas being characterized by methane (CH4) emissions during the anaerobic degradation of organic matter. The United Nations organization has made efforts to control this situation, through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, where projects that seek to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) can be financially rewarded through Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) if they respect the requirements established by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), such as the use of methodologies approved by the CDM Executive Board (CDM-EB). Thus, a methodology was developed according to the CDM standards related to the aeration, excavation and composting of closed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills, which was submitted to CDM-EB for assessment and, after its approval, applied to a real case study in Maringá City (Brazil) with a view to avoiding negative environmental impacts due the production of methane and leachates even after its closure. This paper describes the establishment of this CDM-EB-approved methodology to determine baseline emissions, project emissions and the resultant emission reductions with the application of appropriate aeration, excavation and composting practices at closed MSW landfills. A further result obtained through the application of the methodology in the landfill case study was that it would be possible to achieve an ex-ante emission reduction of 74,013 tCO2 equivalent if the proposed CDM project activity were implemented.
在巴西，固体废物处置场的运营并未考虑环境标准，这些区域的特点是有机物质在厌氧降解过程中会排放甲烷（CH4）。联合国组织通过《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）和《京都议定书》努力控制这种情况，在这些公约和议定书中，如果寻求减少温室气体（GHG）排放的项目符合清洁发展机制（CDM）规定的要求，例如使用清洁发展机制执行理事会（CDM-EB）批准的方法学，那么可以通过核证减排量（CER）获得资金奖励，这些要求包括使用 CDM-EB 批准的方法学。因此，根据与充气、挖掘和堆肥封闭城市固体废物（MSW）垃圾填埋场相关的 CDM 标准制定了一种方法学，该方法学已提交 CDM-EB 评估，获得批准后，已应用于巴西马兰加市的一个实际案例研究，以避免因关闭后的甲烷和渗滤液产生而产生的负面环境影响。本文描述了建立这种经过 CDM-EB 批准的方法学，以确定基线排放量、项目排放量和应用适当的充气、挖掘和堆肥实践在封闭的 MSW 垃圾填埋场产生的减排量。通过在垃圾填埋场案例研究中应用该方法学获得的另一个结果是，如果实施拟议的 CDM 项目活动，将有可能实现 74,013 吨二氧化碳当量的事前减排。
