Xu Wen-Ting, Yang Zhen, Lu Nong-Hua
Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(1):17-24. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.17.
Gastric cancer is highly invasive, aggressively malignant, and amongst the most prevalent of all forms of cancer. Despite improved management strategies, early stage diagnosis of gastric cancer and accurate prognostic assessment is still lacking. Several recent reports have indicated that the pathogenesis of gastric cancer involves complex molecular mechanisms and multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) has been detected in multiple cases of gastric cancer, and already shown to be closely linked to the development, progression and prognosis of the disease. Inactivation of PTEN can be attributed to gene mutation, loss of heterozygosity, promoter hypermethylation, microRNA- mediated regulation of gene expression, and post-translational phosphorylation. PTEN is also involved in mechanisms regulating tumor resistance to chemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PTEN and its roles in gastric cancer, and emphasizes its potential benefits in early diagnosis and gene therapy-based treatment strategies.
胃癌具有高度侵袭性、恶性程度高，是所有癌症形式中最常见的癌症之一。尽管管理策略有所改进，但胃癌的早期诊断和准确的预后评估仍然不足。最近的几份报告表明，胃癌的发病机制涉及复杂的分子机制以及癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因中的多种遗传和表观遗传改变。在多例胃癌中检测到肿瘤抑制蛋白PTEN（磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物）功能失活，并且已经证明其与该疾病的发生、发展和预后密切相关。PTEN失活可归因于基因突变、杂合性缺失、启动子高甲基化、微小RNA介导的基因表达调控以及翻译后磷酸化。PTEN还参与调节肿瘤对化疗的抗性机制。本综述对PTEN及其在胃癌中的作用进行了全面分析，并强调了其在早期诊断和基于基因治疗的治疗策略中的潜在益处。
