Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (LHCRIR), Rambam-Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014 Dec;24(12):1947-53. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.020. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
The involvement of insulin, the insulin-like growth factors (IGF1, IGF2) and their receptors in central nervous system development and function has been the focus of scientific interest for more than 30 years. The insulin-like peptides, both locally-produced proteins as well as those transported from the circulation into the brain via the blood-brain barrier, are involved in a myriad of biological activities. These actions include, among others, neuronal survival, neurogenes, angiogenesis, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, regulation of food intake, and cognition. In recent years, a linkage between brain insulin/IGF1 and certain neuropathologies has been identified. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between diabetes (mainly type 2) and Alzheimer׳s disease. In addition, an aberrant decline in IGF1 values was suggested to play a role in the development of Alzheimer׳s disease. The present review focuses on the expression and function of insulin, IGFs and their receptors in the brain in physiological and pathological conditions.
胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子（IGF1、IGF2）及其受体在中枢神经系统发育和功能中的作用已经成为科学研究的焦点，这一现象已经持续了 30 多年。胰岛素样肽，包括局部产生的蛋白质以及通过血脑屏障从循环中运输到大脑的蛋白质，参与了无数的生物活性。这些作用包括神经元存活、神经发生、血管生成、兴奋和抑制性神经传递、食物摄入的调节以及认知。近年来，人们已经发现大脑胰岛素/IGF1 与某些神经病理学之间存在联系。流行病学研究表明，糖尿病（主要是 2 型糖尿病）与阿尔茨海默病之间存在相关性。此外，有人提出 IGF1 值的异常下降可能在阿尔茨海默病的发展中发挥作用。本综述重点关注胰岛素、IGFs 及其受体在生理和病理条件下在大脑中的表达和功能。
