Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China.
Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China.
Forensic Sci Int. 2014 Mar;236:146-50. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.018. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
In China, the criminal responsibility of the mentally disordered offenders is divided into three levels, there are the whole responsibility, diminished responsibility and irresponsibility. According to the Criminal Law, "If a mental disordered patient causes harmful consequences at a time when he is unable to recognize or control his own conduct, upon verification and confirmation through legal procedure, he shall not bear criminal responsibility." That means there are two standards of assessing criminal responsibility, namely volitional and cognitive capacity. It is as equal as the Mc'Naughton Rule and the Irresistible Impulse Test. But for a long time, the criminal responsibility was assessed mainly by experience because of lacking of standardized assessment instrument. Recently, we have developed "the rating scale of criminal responsibility for mentally disordered offenders (RSCRs)". The scale includes eighteen items, namely criminal motivation, aura before offense, inducement of crime, time and place and object and tool selectivity of crime, emotion during the crime, shirking responsibility after offense, concealing the truth during inquest, camouflage, understanding the nature of the offense, estimating the consequence of the offense, impairment of life ability, impairment of learning or work, impairment of insight, impairment of reality testing, and impairment of self-control. This scale can be applicable for all cases and easy to use. This scale had been tried out in several forensic psychiatry institutes, the Cronbach α of the scale is 0.93, and all items have high correlation with the total score of the scale (r=0.50-0.89). Two factors were extracted by the factorial analysis, and the cumulative squared loading was 68.62%. The scores of the three levels were 9.66 ± 5.11, 26.54 ± 5.21 and 40.08 ± 7.90 respectively and highly significant differences were observed among groups. By establishing discrimination analysis among three levels, classification results suggested that 88.90% of the original grouped cases were correctly classified, and the discriminant value had high conformity with the experts' opinions. The data showed that the scale would be the best validated instrument for the criminal responsibility in China.
在中国，精神障碍患者的刑事责任分为三级，包括完全责任、减轻责任和无责任。根据《刑法》，“精神障碍患者在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果，经法定程序鉴定确认的，不负刑事责任”。这意味着有两个评估刑事责任的标准，即意志能力和认知能力。这与 Mc'Naughton 规则和不可抗拒冲动测试一样平等。但长期以来，由于缺乏标准化的评估工具，刑事责任主要是通过经验来评估的。最近，我们开发了“精神障碍患者刑事责任评定量表（RSCRs）”。该量表包括十八个项目，即犯罪动机、犯罪前的氛围、犯罪诱因、犯罪的时间和地点及对象和工具的选择性、犯罪时的情绪、犯罪后的推卸责任、讯问时的隐瞒真相、伪装、理解犯罪性质、估计犯罪后果、生活能力受损、学习或工作能力受损、洞察力受损、现实测试受损、自我控制受损。该量表适用于所有案件，易于使用。该量表已在几家法医精神病学研究所进行了试用，量表的克朗巴赫α系数为 0.93，所有项目与量表总分高度相关（r=0.50-0.89）。通过因子分析提取了两个因素，累积平方加载为 68.62%。三级评分分别为 9.66±5.11、26.54±5.21 和 40.08±7.90，组间差异有统计学意义。通过对三级水平进行判别分析，分类结果表明，88.90%的原始分组病例得到正确分类，判别值与专家意见具有高度一致性。数据表明，该量表将是中国刑事责任的最佳验证工具。
