Burnstock G
Ciba Found Symp. 1977(48):295-314. doi: 10.1002/9780470720301.ch17.
Experiments over the past decade have revealed a third component in the autonomic nervous system which is neither adrenergic nor cholinergic. These nerves are strongly represented in the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of vertebrate species and have also been identified in lung, trachea, retractor penis, bladder, oesophagus, eye, seminal vesicle and in some parts of the cardiovascular system and brain. Evidence has been presented that the principal active substance released by these nerves in the gut is a purine nucleotide, probably ATP, and they have therefore been termed 'purinergic'. The evidence includes: (1) synthesis and storage of ATP in nerves; (2) release of ATP from the nerves when they are stimulated; (3) mimicry by exogenously applied ATP of the action of nerve-released transmitter; (4) the presence of Mg2+-activated ATPase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase, enzymes which inactivate ATP; (5) the similar blocking and potentiating effects produced by drugs on the responses to exogenously applied ATP and nerve stimulation. A tentative model for the synthesis, storage, release and inactivation of ATP during purinergic nerve transmission is proposed. Some properties of purinergic receptors are described.
过去十年的实验揭示了自主神经系统中的第三种成分，它既不是肾上腺素能的，也不是胆碱能的。这些神经在广泛的脊椎动物物种的胃肠道中大量存在，并且在肺、气管、阴茎退缩肌、膀胱、食道、眼睛、精囊以及心血管系统和大脑的某些部位也已被识别出来。已有证据表明，这些神经在肠道中释放的主要活性物质是一种嘌呤核苷酸，可能是ATP，因此它们被称为“嘌呤能的”。证据包括：（1）神经中ATP的合成和储存；（2）神经受到刺激时ATP的释放；（3）外源性应用ATP对神经释放递质作用的模拟；（4）存在Mg2+激活的ATP酶、5'-核苷酸酶和腺苷脱氨酶，这些酶可使ATP失活；（5）药物对外源性应用ATP和神经刺激反应产生的类似阻断和增强作用。提出了嘌呤能神经传递过程中ATP的合成、储存、释放和失活的初步模型。描述了嘌呤能受体的一些特性。
