Generation and epitope analysis of thyroid stimulating hormone-specific monoclonal antibodies for enzyme immunoassays.

By using an improved hybridoma technique with a semisolid medium of methylcellulose for initial cloning, numerous high affinity monoclonal antibodies against human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were generated. These antibodies were characterized with respect to their subunit and epitope specificity. Epitope analysis of antibodies specific to the beta-subunit of TSH was performed by a sandwich pairing procedure. Based on the results of this analysis, it was concluded that there are four distinct TSH-specific epitopes on the beta-subunit of TSH; these are designated a, b, c, and ab. The five antibodies binding to epitopes a, b, and c are not mutually exclusive. However, the antibody binding to epitope ab prevents further binding of other antibodies to epitope a or b, but not to epitope c. This epitope analysis enabled us to combine three high affinity monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with epitopes a, b, and c, respectively, in a typical sandwich enzyme immunoassay. One was immobilized on polystyrene beads and the other two were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and served as the second antibodies. This enzyme immunoassay can be performed within 90 min and with a minimum sensitivity of 0.2-0.3 microIU/ml.