Lawler Sharon P, Dritz Deborah A
Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2013 Dec;29(4):352-7. doi: 10.2987/13-6369.1.
Formulations of spinosad for mosquito and midge control (e.g., Natular) are derived from the Saccharopolyspora spinosa bacterium. They offer a different mode of action from other larvicides. We tested the effectiveness of single-brood (2EC) and extended-release pellet (G30) formulations against larvae of Culex tarsalis and chironomid midges, at mid- to high label rates, in wetland mesocosms. We also monitored survival of mayfly nymphs and other nontarget insects. Both formulations were effective against mosquitoes for > 4 wk and yielded excellent midge control. Spinosad caused mortality of mayflies and other nontarget insects. Spinosad was less toxic to mayflies than to targets, and effects on mayflies were undetectable after day 21. The higher toxicity for mosquitoes indicates that future research could identify rates that reduce nontarget effects while maintaining high efficacy.
用于控制蚊子和蠓虫的多杀菌素制剂（如Natular）源自多刺糖多孢菌。它们具有与其他杀幼虫剂不同的作用方式。我们在湿地中型生态系统中，以中高标签率测试了单剂型（2EC）和缓释颗粒剂（G30）制剂对致倦库蚊幼虫和摇蚊蠓虫的有效性。我们还监测了蜉蝣若虫和其他非靶标昆虫的存活情况。两种制剂对蚊子的有效期均超过4周，对蠓虫的防治效果极佳。多杀菌素会导致蜉蝣和其他非靶标昆虫死亡。多杀菌素对蜉蝣的毒性低于对靶标昆虫的毒性，且在第21天后对蜉蝣的影响无法检测到。对蚊子较高的毒性表明，未来的研究可以确定在保持高效的同时降低非靶标影响的剂量。
