Ballard Heather J
Department of Physiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2014 Feb 25;66(1):67-78.
Adenosine was identified as a regulator of skeletal muscle blood flow almost 50 years ago. It was first proposed that increased use of ATP during muscle contractions led to net ATP breakdown, and its breakdown product, adenosine, diffused through the interstitial space to the blood stream to be washed away. En-route to its removal, adenosine was suggested to relax the vascular smooth muscle, thereby increasing the blood flow and oxygen supply to the contracting muscle. This mechanism has been researched quite intensively over the years, yet there are still many aspects that remain unclear. It has been confirmed that adenosine does, indeed, relax vascular smooth muscle and contribute to exercise hyperaemia, but the discovery that adenosine was formed extracellularly has shifted the research focus onto its precursor, ATP. ATP is released from many tissues, and produces many effects, including both vasodilation and vasoconstriction, as well as modulation of the neural mechanisms for skeletal muscle blood flow control. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the contributions of adenosine and ATP to the skeletal muscle vasodilation that accompanies contractile activity.
大约50年前，腺苷被确定为骨骼肌血流的调节因子。最初有人提出，肌肉收缩过程中ATP使用增加导致ATP净分解，其分解产物腺苷通过间隙扩散到血流中被冲走。在被清除的过程中，腺苷被认为可以舒张血管平滑肌，从而增加向收缩肌肉的血流和氧气供应。多年来，这一机制得到了深入研究，但仍有许多方面尚不清楚。已经证实，腺苷确实能舒张血管平滑肌并促进运动性充血，但细胞外形成腺苷这一发现已将研究重点转移到其前体ATP上。ATP从许多组织中释放出来，并产生多种作用，包括血管舒张和血管收缩，以及对骨骼肌血流控制神经机制的调节。本综述总结了目前关于腺苷和ATP对伴随收缩活动的骨骼肌血管舒张作用的知识现状。
