Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Marine Sciences and Technology, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
Chemosphere. 2014 Jul;107:447-453. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.058. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
Bisphenol A (BPA), 4-cumylphenol (4-CP) and 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol (2,4-DCP) are all high production volume chemicals and widely used in plastic and other consumer products. During the past two decades, BPA has attracted a great deal of scientific and public attention due to its presence in the environment and estrogenic property. Although 4-CP and 2,4-DCP are much more estrogenic and toxic than BPA, little information is available about their occurrence and fate in the environment. In this study, a rapid, selective, accurate and reliable analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA in prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The method comprises an ultrasound-accelerated extraction followed by capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separation. The detection limits range from 1.50 to 36.4 ng kg(-1) for the three alkylphenols. The calibration curves are linear over the concentration range tested with the coefficients of determination, R(2), greater than 0.994. The developed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA in prawn samples. The peak identification was confirmed using GC-MS. Bisphenol A, 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol and 4-cumylphenol were found in prawn samples in the concentration ranges of 0.67-5.51, 0.36-1.61, and 0.00-1.96 ng g(-1) (wet weight), respectively. All relative standard deviations are less than 4.8%. At these environmentally relevant concentration levels, 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA may affect the reproduction and development of aquatic organisms, including negative influence on crustaceans' larval survival, molting, metamorphosis and shell hardening. This is the first study reported on the occurrence of 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA in prawn M. rosenbergii.
双酚 A（BPA）、4-叔丁基苯酚（4-CP）和 2,4-双（二甲苯甲基）苯酚（2,4-DCP）均为高产量化学品，广泛应用于塑料和其他消费品。在过去的二十年中，由于环境中存在和雌激素特性，BPA 引起了科学界和公众的极大关注。尽管 4-CP 和 2,4-DCP 的雌激素和毒性比 BPA 高得多，但关于它们在环境中的存在和命运的信息却很少。在这项研究中，开发了一种快速、选择性、准确和可靠的分析方法，用于同时测定对虾 Macrobrachium rosenbergii 中的 4-CP、2,4-DCP 和 BPA。该方法包括超声加速提取，然后用毛细管气相色谱（GC）分离。三种烷基苯酚的检测限范围为 1.50 至 36.4ngkg(-1)。校准曲线在测试浓度范围内呈线性，相关系数，R(2)，大于 0.994。所开发的方法成功地应用于对虾样品中 4-CP、2,4-DCP 和 BPA 的同时测定。使用 GC-MS 确认了峰的识别。在对虾样品中发现了双酚 A、2,4-双（二甲苯甲基）苯酚和 4-叔丁基苯酚，浓度范围分别为 0.67-5.51、0.36-1.61 和 0.00-1.96ngg(-1)（湿重）。所有相对标准偏差均小于 4.8%。在这些与环境相关的浓度水平下，4-CP、2,4-DCP 和 BPA 可能会影响水生生物的繁殖和发育，包括对甲壳类动物幼虫存活、蜕皮、变态和壳硬化的负面影响。这是首次报道对虾 M. rosenbergii 中 4-CP、2,4-DCP 和 BPA 的存在情况。
