监测西班牙东南部哈恩省瓜达尔基维尔河和其他相关地表水的选定优先和新兴污染物。
Monitoring of selected priority and emerging contaminants in the Guadalquivir River and other related surface waters in the province of Jaén, South East Spain.
机构信息
Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2014 May 1;479-480:247-57. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.121. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
The province of Jaén counts with four natural parks, numerous rivers, reservoirs and wetlands; moreover, it is probably the region with higher olive oil production in the world, which makes this zone a proper target to be studied based on the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/CE. The aim of this survey is to monitor a total number of 373 compounds belonging to different families (pesticides, PAHs, nitrosamines, drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals and life-style compounds) in surface waters located at different points of the province of Jaén. Among these compounds some priority organic substances (regulated by the EU Directive 2008/105/EC) and pollutants of emerging concern (not regulated yet) can be found. A liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) method covering 340 compounds was developed and applied, together with a gas chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method which enabled the analysis of 63 organic contaminants (30 of these compounds are analyzed by LC-TOFMS as well). From April 2009 to November 2010 a total of 83 surface water samples were collected (rivers, reservoirs and wetlands). In this period numerous organic contaminants were detected, most of them at the ng L(-1) level. The most frequently priority substances found were chlorpyrifos ethyl, diuron and hexachlorobenzene. Within the other groups, the most frequently detected compounds were: terbuthylazine, oxyfluorfen, desethyl terbuthylazine, diphenylamine (pesticide family); fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene (PAHs group), codeine, paracetamol (pharmaceuticals compounds) and caffeine, nicotine (life-style compounds). As is could be expected, the total concentration of emerging contaminants is distinctly larger than that of priority pollutants, highlighting the importance of continuing with the study of their presence, fate and effects in aquatic environments. However, concentration levels (at the ng per liter level) are low in general for both kinds of contaminants which minimizes the possible harmful effect on the environment.
哈恩省拥有四个自然公园、众多河流、水库和湿地；此外，它可能是世界上橄榄油产量最高的地区之一，这使得该地区成为根据欧洲水框架指令 2000/60/CE 进行研究的合适目标。本调查的目的是监测哈恩省不同地点的地表水中 373 种不同类型化合物（农药、多环芳烃、亚硝胺、滥用药物、药物和生活方式化合物）的总量。在这些化合物中，有一些优先有机物质（受欧盟指令 2008/105/EC 监管）和新兴关注污染物（尚未受监管）。开发并应用了一种涵盖 340 种化合物的液相色谱电喷雾飞行时间质谱（LC-TOFMS）方法，以及一种气相色谱三重四极杆质谱（GC-MS/MS）方法，可分析 63 种有机污染物（其中 30 种化合物也通过 LC-TOFMS 进行分析）。2009 年 4 月至 2010 年 11 月，共采集了 83 个地表水样本（河流、水库和湿地）。在此期间，检测到了许多有机污染物，大多数都在纳克/升水平。发现的最常见的优先物质是毒死蜱乙酯、西玛津和六氯苯。在其他组中，最常检测到的化合物是：特丁津、氟草烟、去乙基特丁津、二苯胺（农药家族）；荧蒽、菲、芘（多环芳烃组）、可待因、对乙酰氨基酚（药物化合物）和咖啡因、尼古丁（生活方式化合物）。可以预料的是，新兴污染物的总浓度明显高于优先污染物，这突出了继续研究它们在水生环境中的存在、命运和影响的重要性。然而，这两种污染物的浓度（纳克/升水平）通常都很低，这最大限度地减少了它们对环境可能产生的有害影响。
Zotero 插件