Zhu Xiao-Fan
Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China.
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2014 Feb;16(2):108-10.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare type of childhood acute leukemia, which has a worse prognosis than childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the treatment of childhood AML and the 5-year event-free survival rate may be as high as 70% in developed countries. This survival improvement is largely attributable to risk-stratified treatments, therapies tailored to individual patients based on the biological characteristics of the disease, and continuously improving supportive care. An accurate diagnosis is the prerequisite for risk stratification, prognostic evaluation and therapeutic decision making. How to reduce early mortality and thus improve overall survival, how to implement appropriate supportive treatment to reduce treatment-associated complications, and how to reduce treatment-related mortality are the key to the improvement of therapies for childhood acute myeloid leukemia.
急性髓系白血病（AML）是儿童急性白血病中的一种罕见类型，其预后比儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病更差。在过去十年中，儿童AML的治疗取得了显著进展，在发达国家，5年无事件生存率可能高达70%。这种生存率的提高很大程度上归因于风险分层治疗、根据疾病生物学特征为个体患者量身定制的治疗方法以及不断改善的支持性护理。准确的诊断是进行风险分层、预后评估和治疗决策的前提。如何降低早期死亡率从而提高总生存率，如何实施适当的支持性治疗以减少治疗相关并发症，以及如何降低治疗相关死亡率，是改善儿童急性髓系白血病治疗方法的关键。
