Villa Martín Paula, Bonachela Juan A, Muñoz Miguel A
Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1003, USA.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2014 Jan;89(1):012145. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.012145. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
Quenched disorder affects significantly the behavior of phase transitions. The Imry-Ma-Aizenman-Wehr-Berker argument prohibits first-order or discontinuous transitions and their concomitant phase coexistence in low-dimensional equilibrium systems in the presence of random fields. Instead, discontinuous transitions become rounded or even continuous once disorder is introduced. Here we show that phase coexistence and first-order phase transitions are also precluded in nonequilibrium low-dimensional systems with quenched disorder: discontinuous transitions in two-dimensional systems with absorbing states become continuous in the presence of quenched disorder. We also study the universal features of this disorder-induced criticality and find them to be compatible with the universality class of the directed percolation with quenched disorder. Thus, we conclude that first-order transitions do not exist in low-dimensional disordered systems, not even in genuinely nonequilibrium systems with absorbing states.
淬火无序显著影响相变行为。伊姆里-马-艾森曼-韦尔-伯克论证禁止在存在随机场的低维平衡系统中出现一级或不连续相变及其伴随的相共存。相反，一旦引入无序，不连续相变会变得平滑甚至连续。在此我们表明，在具有淬火无序的非平衡低维系统中，相共存和一级相变也被排除：具有吸收态的二维系统中的不连续相变在存在淬火无序时会变为连续相变。我们还研究了这种无序诱导临界性的普适特征，并发现它们与具有淬火无序的定向渗流的普适类兼容。因此，我们得出结论，低维无序系统中不存在一级相变，即使在具有吸收态的真正非平衡系统中也不存在。
