Slater Matthew J, Mgaya Yunus D, Stead Selina M
School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 27;9(2):e89156. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089156. eCollection 2014.
Finding effective solutions to manage marine resources is high on political and conservation agendas worldwide. This is made more urgent by the rate of increase in the human population and concomitant resource pressures in coastal areas. This paper links empirical socio-economic data about perceptions of marine resource health to the breaking of marine management rules, using fisheries as a case study. The relationship between perceived rule-breaking (non-compliance with regulations controlling fishing) and perceived health of inshore marine environments was investigated through face-to-face interviews with 299 heads of households in three Tanzanian coastal communities in November and December 2011. Awareness of rules controlling fishing activity was high among all respondents. Fishers were able to describe more specific rules controlling fishing practices than non-fishers (t = 3.5, df = 297, p<0.01). Perceived breaking of fishing regulations was reported by nearly half of all respondents, saying "some" (32% of responses) or "most" (15% of responses) people break fishing rules. Ordinal regression modelling revealed a significant linkage (z= -3.44, p<0.001) in the relationship between respondents' perceptions of deteriorating marine health and their perception of increased rule-breaking. In this paper, inferences from an empirical study are used to identify and argue the potential for using perceptions of ecosystem health and level of rule-breaking as a means to guide management measures. When considering different management options (e.g. Marine Protected Areas), policy makers are advised to take account of and utilise likely egoistic or altruistic decision-making factors used by fishers to determine their marine activities.
寻找管理海洋资源的有效解决方案是全球政治和保护议程的重中之重。人口增长速度以及沿海地区随之而来的资源压力使这一问题变得更加紧迫。本文以渔业为例，将关于海洋资源健康认知的实证社会经济数据与海洋管理规则的违反情况联系起来。通过2011年11月和12月对坦桑尼亚三个沿海社区的299户家庭户主进行面对面访谈，调查了感知到的违规行为（不遵守渔业控制规定）与近岸海洋环境健康感知之间的关系。所有受访者对渔业控制规则的知晓度都很高。渔民比非渔民能够描述出更具体的渔业控制规则（t = 3.5，自由度 = 297，p < 0.01）。近一半的受访者表示存在违反渔业规定的情况，称“一些”（32%的回答）或“大多数”（15%的回答）人违反渔业规则。有序回归模型显示，受访者对海洋健康恶化的认知与他们对违规行为增加的认知之间存在显著联系（z = -3.44，p < 0.001）。在本文中，实证研究的推论被用于识别和论证将生态系统健康认知和违规程度作为指导管理措施手段的潜力。在考虑不同的管理选项（如海洋保护区）时，建议政策制定者考虑并利用渔民在决定其海洋活动时可能使用的利己或利他决策因素。
