艾滋病患者的纵隔气肿：一例病例报告及文献综述

Pneumomediastinum in patients with AIDS: a case report and literature review.

作者信息

Cheng Wan-Ling, Ko Wen-Chien, Lee Nan-Yao, Chang Chia-Ming, Lee Ching-Chi, Li Ming-Chi, Li Chia-Wen

机构信息

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Medical College, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, 704, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.

出版信息

Int J Infect Dis. 2014 May;22:31-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.009. Epub 2014 Mar 1.

DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.009

PMID:24589680

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. However, the relationship between the causative pathogens and the prognosis is unclear. We report the case of a patient with AIDS presenting with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by pneumomediastinum. The cases of a further 10 HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum reported in the English language literature are reviewed.

METHODS

PubMed was searched for cases of HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum published in the English language literature.

RESULTS

Pneumocystis jirovecii is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia and concurrent pneumomediastinum in HIV-infected patients. Only one of the identified cases was caused by cytomegalovirus. Excluding the two cases with incomplete information, the overall mortality rate in the remaining nine cases was 55.5%.

CONCLUSION

In HIV-infected patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia can occasionally present as pneumomediastinum. In such cases, adequate appropriate antimicrobial therapy is needed due to the high mortality rate.

摘要