Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire;
Pediatrics. 2014 Apr;133(4):e835-42. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-2365. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
To test the effectiveness of messages designed to reduce vaccine misperceptions and increase vaccination rates for measles-mumps-rubella (MMR).
A Web-based nationally representative 2-wave survey experiment was conducted with 1759 parents age 18 years and older residing in the United States who have children in their household age 17 years or younger (conducted June-July 2011). Parents were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 interventions: (1) information explaining the lack of evidence that MMR causes autism from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; (2) textual information about the dangers of the diseases prevented by MMR from the Vaccine Information Statement; (3) images of children who have diseases prevented by the MMR vaccine; (4) a dramatic narrative about an infant who almost died of measles from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention fact sheet; or to a control group.
None of the interventions increased parental intent to vaccinate a future child. Refuting claims of an MMR/autism link successfully reduced misperceptions that vaccines cause autism but nonetheless decreased intent to vaccinate among parents who had the least favorable vaccine attitudes. In addition, images of sick children increased expressed belief in a vaccine/autism link and a dramatic narrative about an infant in danger increased self-reported belief in serious vaccine side effects.
Current public health communications about vaccines may not be effective. For some parents, they may actually increase misperceptions or reduce vaccination intention. Attempts to increase concerns about communicable diseases or correct false claims about vaccines may be especially likely to be counterproductive. More study of pro-vaccine messaging is needed.
测试旨在减少麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹（MMR）疫苗误解并提高疫苗接种率的信息的有效性。
采用基于网络的全美具有代表性的 2 波调查实验，对 1759 名年龄在 18 岁及以上、家中有 17 岁及以下子女的美国父母进行了调查（2011 年 6 月至 7 月进行）。父母随机分配接受以下 4 种干预措施之一：（1）来自疾病预防控制中心的关于 MMR 不会导致自闭症的信息，解释缺乏证据；（2）来自疫苗信息声明的关于 MMR 预防疾病危险的文字信息；（3）预防 MMR 疫苗疾病的儿童图片；（4）来自疾病预防控制中心事实表的关于一名几乎因麻疹而死亡的婴儿的戏剧性叙述。或对照组。
没有任何干预措施增加了父母对未来孩子接种疫苗的意愿。反驳 MMR/自闭症关联的说法成功地减少了疫苗会导致自闭症的误解，但减少了对疫苗态度最不利的父母的接种意愿。此外，患病儿童的图片增加了对疫苗/自闭症关联的表达信念，关于危险婴儿的戏剧性叙述增加了对严重疫苗副作用的自我报告信念。
目前有关疫苗的公共卫生信息传播可能无效。对于一些父母来说，它们实际上可能会增加误解或降低接种意愿。试图增加对传染病的关注或纠正有关疫苗的错误说法，可能尤其容易产生适得其反的效果。需要更多关于支持疫苗接种的信息传播的研究。
