Gupta Pooja, Bhatter Purva, D'souza Desiree, Tolani Monica, Daswani Poonam, Tetali Pundarikakshudu, Birdi Tannaz
The Foundation for Medical Research, 84-A, R,G, Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400018, Maharashtra, India.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Mar 4;14:84. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-84.
In tuberculosis (TB), the steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing drugs and latent TB continue to be major concerns. A combination of conventional drugs and plant derived therapeutics can serve to expand the antimicrobial spectrum, prevent the emergence of drug resistant mutants and minimize toxicity. Alpinia galanga, used in various traditional medicines, possesses broad spectrum antibacterial properties. The study was undertaken to assess the antimycobacterial potential of A. galanga in axenic (under aerobic and anaerobic conditions) and intracellular assays.
Phytochemical analysis was done using HPTLC. The acetone, aqueous and ethanolic extracts (1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) of A. galanga were tested axenically using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37Rv and three drug sensitive and three multi drug resistant clinical isolates. The activity of the extracts was also evaluated intracellularly in A549 cell line against these strains. The extracts active under intracellular conditions were further tested in an axenic setup under reducing oxygen concentrations using only H37Rv.
1´ acetoxychavicol acetate, the reference standard used, was present in all the three extracts. The acetone and ethanolic extracts were active in axenic (aerobic and anaerobic) and intracellular assays. The aqueous extract did not demonstrate activity under the defined assay parameters.
A. galanga exhibits anti M.tb activity with multiple modes of action. Since the activity of the extracts was observed under reducing oxygen concentrations, it may be effective in treating the dormant and non-replicating bacteria of latent TB. Though the hypothesis needs further testing, A. galanga being a regular dietary component may be utilized in combination with the conventional TB therapy for enhanced efficacy.
在结核病（TB）中，细菌对现有药物的耐药性不断增加以及潜伏性结核仍然是主要问题。传统药物与植物源治疗药物联合使用可扩大抗菌谱，防止耐药突变体的出现并将毒性降至最低。高良姜用于多种传统药物，具有广谱抗菌特性。本研究旨在评估高良姜在无菌（需氧和厌氧条件下）和细胞内试验中的抗分枝杆菌潜力。
采用高效薄层层析法进行植物化学分析。使用微孔板阿尔玛蓝测定法（MABA）对高良姜的丙酮、水和乙醇提取物（1、10、25、50和100μg/ml）进行无菌测试，以检测其对结核分枝杆菌（M.tb）H37Rv以及三株药物敏感和三株多重耐药临床分离株的活性。还在A549细胞系中对这些菌株进行细胞内提取物活性评估。仅使用H37Rv在降低氧气浓度的无菌环境中对在细胞内条件下有活性的提取物进行进一步测试。
所用的参考标准品1´乙酰氧基查维醇乙酸酯存在于所有三种提取物中。丙酮和乙醇提取物在无菌（需氧和厌氧）和细胞内试验中均有活性。水提取物在规定的试验参数下未显示活性。
高良姜具有多种作用方式的抗结核分枝杆菌活性。由于在降低氧气浓度的条件下观察到提取物的活性，它可能对治疗潜伏性结核的休眠和非复制细菌有效。尽管这一假设需要进一步验证，但高良姜作为一种常见的饮食成分，可与传统结核病治疗联合使用以提高疗效。
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