Chaveli-López Begonya
Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain.
J Clin Exp Dent. 2014 Feb 1;6(1):e81-90. doi: 10.4317/jced.51337. eCollection 2014 Feb.
Antineoplastic chemotherapy remains one of the most widely used management strategies in cancer, either alone or in combination with other types of treatment. The main inconvenience of chemotherapy is its lack of selectivity, since it acts upon both tumor cells and rapidly multiplying normal cells such as bone marrow cells, hair follicle cells and oral and gastrointestinal mucosal cells.
An exhaustive search was made of the main oral toxic effects of chemotherapy in the PubMed-Medline, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases. A total of 1293 articles were identified, of which 333 met the study inclusion criteria.
The toxic effects of chemotherapy at oral mucosal level comprise mucositis, osteonecrosis of the jaws secondary to bisphosphonate use, susceptibility to infections, dental alterations, salivary and neurological disorders, dysgeusia and bleeding tendency. These complications have a negative impact upon patient quality of life, and in some cases can prove life-threatening.
Evaluation of patient oral and dental health is essential before administering chemotherapy, in order to minimize the risk of oral and systemic complications of such treatment. Key words:Chemotherapy, oral complications, dental, saliva and osteonecrosis jaw.
抗肿瘤化疗仍然是癌症治疗中应用最广泛的管理策略之一，可单独使用或与其他类型的治疗联合使用。化疗的主要不便之处在于其缺乏选择性，因为它对肿瘤细胞和快速增殖的正常细胞均有作用，如骨髓细胞、毛囊细胞以及口腔和胃肠道黏膜细胞。
在PubMed-Medline、Cochrane图书馆和Scopus数据库中对化疗的主要口腔毒性作用进行了详尽检索。共识别出1293篇文章，其中333篇符合研究纳入标准。
化疗在口腔黏膜水平的毒性作用包括黏膜炎、双膦酸盐使用继发的颌骨坏死、易感染、牙齿改变、唾液和神经紊乱、味觉障碍及出血倾向。这些并发症对患者生活质量有负面影响，在某些情况下可能危及生命。
在进行化疗前评估患者的口腔和牙齿健康至关重要，以便将此类治疗的口腔和全身并发症风险降至最低。关键词：化疗、口腔并发症、牙齿、唾液和颌骨坏死
