Adverse impact of venous thromboembolism on patients with cancer.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of malignancy. This is related to the underlying cancer and thrombogenic effects of various therapies. Compared with VTE in patients without malignancies, cancer-associated thrombosis is associated with increased mortality, recurrence, and bleeding while on anticoagulants. These worse outcomes are due to a complex interplay between the underlying cancer, host response, antitumor therapies, and interactions between anticoagulants and cancer drugs. Primary prevention of VTE may decrease morbidity and possibly even improve cancer-related survival, but studies to date have not clearly identified a patient population that might be of most benefit nor consistently shown a survival benefit to anticoagulation.