Yamamoto J K, Sparger E, Ho E W, Andersen P R, O'Connor T P, Mandell C P, Lowenstine L, Munn R, Pedersen N C
Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
Am J Vet Res. 1988 Aug;49(8):1246-58.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV; formerly, feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus) is a typical lentivirus resembling human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in morphologic features, protein structure, and reverse transcriptase enzyme. It is antigenically dissimilar, however. The virus is tropic for primary and permanent feline T-lymphoblastoid cells and Crandell feline kidney cells. The virus did not grow in other permanent feline non-lymphoblastoid cells that were tested, or in lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells from man, dogs, mice, and sheep. During short-term inoculation studies in cats, the feline immunodeficiency-like syndrome found in nature was not experimentally induced, but a distinct primary phase of infection was observed. Fever and neutropenia were observed 4 to 5 weeks after inoculation; fever lasted several days, and neutropenia persisted from 1 to 9 weeks. Generalized lymphadenopathy that persisted for 2 to 9 months appeared at the same time. Antibodies to FIV appeared 2 weeks after inoculation and then plateaued. Virus was reisolated from the blood of all infected cats within 4 to 5 weeks after inoculation and persisted indefinitely in the face of humoral antibody response. Virus was recovered from blood, plasma, CSF and saliva, but not from colostrum or milk. Contact transmission was achieved slowly in one colony of naturally infected cats, but not between experimentally infected and susceptible specific-pathogen-free cats kept together for periods as long as 4 to 14 months. The infection was transmitted readily, however, by parenteral inoculation with blood, plasma, or infective cell culture fluids. In utero and lactogenic transmission were not observed in kittens born to naturally or experimentally infected queens. Lymphadenopathy observed during the initial stage of FIV infection was ascribed to lymphoid hyperplasia and follicular dysplasia. A myeloproliferative disorder was observed in 1 cat with experimentally induced infection.
猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV；以前称为猫T淋巴细胞嗜性慢病毒）是一种典型的慢病毒，在形态特征、蛋白质结构和逆转录酶方面与人类和猿猴免疫缺陷病毒相似。然而，它在抗原性上有所不同。该病毒对原代和永久性猫T淋巴母细胞以及克兰德尔猫肾细胞具有嗜性。在所测试的其他永久性猫非淋巴母细胞中，以及在来自人、狗、小鼠和绵羊的淋巴和非淋巴细胞中，该病毒均未生长。在对猫进行的短期接种研究中，并未通过实验诱导出自然界中发现的猫免疫缺陷样综合征，但观察到了明显的感染初期阶段。接种后4至5周观察到发热和中性粒细胞减少；发热持续数天，中性粒细胞减少持续1至9周。同时出现持续2至9个月的全身性淋巴结病。接种后2周出现针对FIV的抗体，然后趋于平稳。接种后4至5周内，从所有感染猫的血液中重新分离出病毒，并且在体液抗体反应存在的情况下病毒无限期持续存在。病毒可从血液、血浆、脑脊液和唾液中回收，但不能从初乳或乳汁中回收。在一个自然感染猫的群体中，接触传播进展缓慢，但在实验感染的猫和易感染的无特定病原体猫共同饲养长达4至14个月的情况下，未发生接触传播。然而，通过注射血液、血浆或感染性细胞培养液可很容易地传播感染。在自然感染或实验感染的母猫所生的小猫中，未观察到子宫内和经乳汁传播。FIV感染初期观察到的淋巴结病归因于淋巴组织增生和滤泡发育异常。在1只实验诱导感染的猫中观察到骨髓增殖性疾病。
