在含有地塞米松的赛后马血浆中通过24重短串联重复序列鉴定样本供体。
Identification of sample donor by 24-plex short tandem repeat in a post-race equine plasma containing dexamethasone.
作者信息
Chen Jin-Wen, Uboh Cornelius E, Soma Lawrence R, You Youwen, Jiang Zibin, Li Xiaoqing, Guan Fuyu, Liu Ying
机构信息
University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA.
University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA ; Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology & Research Center, Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, 220 E Rosedale Avenue, West Chester, PA 19382 USA.
出版信息
Springerplus. 2014 Feb 17;3:94. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-94. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Animal sport such as horseracing is tainted with drug abuse as are human sports. Treatment of racehorses on race day with therapeutic medications in most cases is banned, and thus, it is essential to monitor the illicit use of drugs in the racing horse to maintain integrity of racing, ensure fair competition and protect the health, safety and welfare of the horse, jockeys and drivers. In the event of a dispute over the identity of the sample donor, if the regulator can provide evidence that the DNA genotype profile of the post-race sample matched that of the alleged donor, then the potential drug violation case might be easily resolved without legal challenges.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We present a case study of a racehorse sample that tested positive for dexamethasone in a post-race plasma sample in Pennsylvania (PA) but the result was challenged by the trainer of the horse. Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used in the management of musculoskeletal problems in horses but its presence in the horse during competition is banned by the PA Racing Commissions. The presence of dexamethasone in the post-competition plasma sample was confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. However, this finding was challenged by the trainer of the horse alleging that the post-race sample was not collected from his/her horse and thus petitioned the Commission to be absolved of any wrong-doing. To resolve the dispute, a DNA test was ordered by the PA Racing Commission to identify the correct donor of the dexamethasone positive sample. For this purpose, a 24-plex short tandem repeat analysis to detect 21 equine markers and three human markers was employed. The results indicated that all the samples tested had identical DNA profiles and thus, it was concluded that the samples were collected from the same horse and that the probability of drawing a false conclusion was approximately zero (1.5 × 10(-15)).
CONCLUSIONS
The plasma sample confirmed for the presence of dexamethasone was collected from the alleged horse.
背景
与人类体育项目一样，诸如赛马之类的动物体育项目也存在药物滥用问题。在大多数情况下，比赛日给赛马使用治疗药物是被禁止的，因此，监测赛马中非法药物的使用对于维护赛马运动的公正性、确保公平竞争以及保护马匹、骑师和车手的健康、安全及福利至关重要。如果在样本捐赠者身份上存在争议，若监管机构能够提供赛后样本的DNA基因型图谱与被指控的捐赠者的图谱相匹配的证据，那么潜在的药物违规案件可能无需法律质疑就能轻松解决。
病例描述
我们呈现一个赛马样本的案例研究。在宾夕法尼亚州（PA），一份赛后血浆样本中地塞米松检测呈阳性，但该结果受到了马匹训练师的质疑。地塞米松是一种合成糖皮质激素，广泛用于治疗马匹的肌肉骨骼问题，但PA赛马委员会禁止其在比赛期间出现在马匹体内。使用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法确认了赛后血浆样本中地塞米松的存在。然而，这一发现受到了马匹训练师的质疑，他声称赛后样本并非取自他/她的马匹，因此请求委员会免除任何不当行为的责任。为了解决争议，PA赛马委员会下令进行DNA检测，以确定地塞米松阳性样本的正确捐赠者。为此，采用了一种24重短串联重复序列分析来检测21个马的标记和3个人的标记。结果表明，所有测试样本具有相同的DNA图谱，因此得出结论，这些样本取自同一匹马，得出错误结论的概率约为零（1.5×10⁻¹⁵）。
结论
确认含有地塞米松的血浆样本是从被指控的马匹采集的。
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