Kamachi Miyuki, Bruce Vicki, Mukaida Shigeru, Gyoba Jiro, Yoshikawa Sakiko, Akamatsu Shigeru
ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories, 2-2-2 Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.
Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
Perception. 2013;42(11):1266-78. doi: 10.1068/p3131n.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the role played by dynamic information in identifying facial expressions of emotion. Dynamic expression sequences were created by generating and displaying morph sequences which changed the face from neutral to a peak expression in different numbers of intervening intermediate stages, to create fast (6 frames), medium (26 frames), and slow (101 frames) sequences. In experiment 1, participants were asked to describe what the person shown in each sequence was feeling. Sadness was more accurately identified when slow sequences were shown. Happiness, and to some extent surprise, was better from faster sequences, while anger was most accurately detected from the sequences of medium pace. In experiment 2 we used an intensity-rating task and static images as well as dynamic ones to examine whether effects were due to total time of the displays or to the speed of sequence. Accuracies of expression judgments were derived from the rated intensities and the results were similar to those of experiment 1 for angry and sad expressions (surprised and happy were close to ceiling). Moreover, the effect of display time was found only for dynamic expressions and not for static ones, suggesting that it was speed, not time, which was responsible for these effects. These results suggest that representations of basic expressions of emotion encode information about dynamic as well as static properties.
进行了两项实验来研究动态信息在识别面部表情中的作用。通过生成并显示变形序列来创建动态表情序列，这些变形序列在不同数量的中间阶段将面部从中性表情变为峰值表情，从而创建快速（6帧）、中等（26帧）和慢速（101帧）序列。在实验1中，要求参与者描述每个序列中所展示的人在感受什么。当展示慢速序列时，悲伤表情能被更准确地识别。快乐表情，以及在一定程度上惊讶表情，从快速序列中识别效果更好，而愤怒表情从中等速度的序列中能被最准确地检测到。在实验2中，我们使用了强度评级任务以及静态图像和动态图像，以检验这些效果是由于展示的总时长还是序列的速度。表情判断的准确性来自于评级强度，结果对于愤怒和悲伤表情与实验1相似（惊讶和快乐接近上限）。此外，展示时间的影响仅在动态表情中发现，而在静态表情中未发现，这表明是速度而非时间导致了这些效果。这些结果表明，基本情绪表情的表征编码了关于动态和静态属性的信息。
