J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014 Mar;22(3):183-92. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-22-03-183.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Despite a more sophisticated understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and despite pharmacologic advancements that enable better glycemic control, the prevalence of this disease and its devastating sequelae continue to rise. The adverse effects of diabetes on the nervous, vascular, and immune systems render the musculoskeletal system vulnerable to considerable damage. Foot involvement has traditionally been thought of as the most severe and frequently encountered orthopaedic consequence. However, the upper extremity, spine, and muscles are also commonly affected. Orthopaedic surgeons are more involved than ever in the care of patients with diabetes mellitus, and they play a vital role in the multidisciplinary approach used to treat these patients. As a result, surgeons must have a comprehensive understanding of the musculoskeletal manifestations and perioperative considerations of diabetes in order to most effectively care for patients with diabetes mellitus.
糖尿病是一种无法控制的高血糖疾病。尽管人们对糖尿病的病理生理学有了更深入的了解，并且药物治疗也有了进步，可以更好地控制血糖，但这种疾病的流行及其严重后果仍在继续上升。糖尿病对神经系统、血管系统和免疫系统的不良影响使骨骼肌肉系统容易受到严重损害。足部受累一直被认为是最严重和最常遇到的骨科后果。然而，上肢、脊柱和肌肉也经常受到影响。骨科医生比以往任何时候都更参与糖尿病患者的护理，他们在治疗这些患者的多学科方法中发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，外科医生必须全面了解糖尿病的骨骼肌肉表现和围手术期注意事项，以便最有效地护理糖尿病患者。
