Mizgier M L, Casas M, Contreras-Ferrat A, Llanos P, Galgani J E
Departmento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Obes Rev. 2014 Jul;15(7):587-97. doi: 10.1111/obr.12166. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Pancreatic beta cells sense glucose flux and release as much insulin as required in order to maintain glycaemia within a narrow range. Insulin secretion is regulated by many factors including glucose, incretins, and sympathetic and parasympathetic tones among other physiological factors. To identify the mechanisms linking obesity-related insulin resistance with impaired insulin secretion represents a central challenge. Recently, it has been argued that a crosstalk between skeletal muscle and the pancreas may regulate insulin secretion. Considering that skeletal muscle is the largest organ in non-obese subjects and a major site of insulin- and exercise-stimulated glucose disposal, it appears plausible that muscle might interact with the pancreas and modulate insulin secretion for appropriate peripheral intracellular glucose utilization. There is growing evidence that muscle can secrete so-called myokines that can have auto/para/endocrine actions. Although it is unclear in which direction they act, interleukin-6 seems to be a possible muscle-derived candidate protein mediating such inter-organ communication. We herein review some of the putative skeletal muscle-derived factors mediating this interaction. In addition, the evidence coming from in vitro, animal and human studies that support such inter-organ crosstalk is thoroughly discussed.
胰腺β细胞感知葡萄糖通量，并按需释放适量胰岛素，以将血糖维持在狭窄范围内。胰岛素分泌受多种因素调节，包括葡萄糖、肠促胰岛素以及交感和副交感神经张力等其他生理因素。确定肥胖相关胰岛素抵抗与胰岛素分泌受损之间的联系机制是一项核心挑战。最近，有人认为骨骼肌与胰腺之间的相互作用可能调节胰岛素分泌。鉴于骨骼肌是非肥胖个体中最大的器官，也是胰岛素和运动刺激的葡萄糖代谢的主要部位，肌肉可能与胰腺相互作用并调节胰岛素分泌以实现外周细胞内葡萄糖的适当利用，这似乎是合理的。越来越多的证据表明，肌肉可以分泌所谓的肌动蛋白，这些肌动蛋白可以具有自分泌/旁分泌/内分泌作用。虽然尚不清楚它们的作用方向，但白细胞介素-6似乎是介导这种器官间通讯的一种可能的肌肉衍生候选蛋白。我们在此综述一些可能介导这种相互作用的骨骼肌衍生因子。此外，还将深入讨论来自体外、动物和人体研究的支持这种器官间相互作用的证据。
