Zhang Yingze, Birru Rahel, Di Yuanpu Peter
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1105:43-57. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-739-6_4.
Immunoassays are one of the most commonly used biomedical techniques to detect the expression of an antibody or an antigen in a test sample. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for various applications including diagnostic tools and quality controls. However, one of the main limitations of ELISA is its lack of multiplexing ability, so ELISA may not be an efficient diagnostic tool when a measurement of multiple determinants is needed for samples with limited quantity such as blood or biological samples from newborns or babies. Although similar to ELISA in assay measurement, Luminex is an xMAP-based technology that combines several different technologies to provide an efficient and accurate measurement of multiple analytes from a single sample. The multiplexing can be achieved because up to 100 distinct Luminex color-coded microsphere bead sets can be coated with a reagent specific to a particular bioassay, allowing the capture and detection of specific analytes from a sample. Various biological samples can be analyzed by a Luminex system include serum, plasma, tissue and cell lysate, saliva, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The most common Luminex-based assays are used to detect a combined set of cytokines to provide a measurement of cytokine expression profiling for a diagnostic purpose.
免疫测定是检测测试样品中抗体或抗原表达最常用的生物医学技术之一。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）已用于包括诊断工具和质量控制在内的各种应用。然而，ELISA的主要局限性之一是其缺乏多重检测能力，因此当需要对诸如血液或新生儿或婴儿的生物样品等数量有限的样品进行多种分析物的测量时，ELISA可能不是一种有效的诊断工具。虽然在测定测量方面与ELISA类似，但Luminex是一种基于xMAP的技术，它结合了几种不同的技术，以提供对单个样品中多种分析物的高效、准确测量。之所以能够实现多重检测，是因为多达100种不同的Luminex颜色编码微球珠组可以用特定生物测定的试剂包被，从而能够从样品中捕获和检测特定的分析物。Luminex系统可以分析的各种生物样品包括血清、血浆、组织和细胞裂解物、唾液、痰液和支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）。最常见的基于Luminex的测定用于检测一组组合的细胞因子，以提供用于诊断目的的细胞因子表达谱测量。
