J Vet Intern Med. 2013 Nov-Dec;27 Suppl 1:S19-26. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12223.
The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) offers guidelines for chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. As dogs with glomerular disease may present differently and require different treatment than those with whole nephron or tubular disease, the IRIS Canine Glomerulonephritis (GN) Study Group was convened to formulate guidelines for these cases. The Diagnosis Subgroup was asked to make recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of such cases.
To seek consensus among renal specialists for the evaluation of dogs with proteinuria because of suspected glomerular disease.
After reviewing the literature, subgroup members discussed and wrote the draft paper and recommendations, which members of the IRIS Canine GN Study Group voted upon by electronic secret ballot, with comments noted. Consensus was declared if votes showed strong or general agreement from 85% of the respondents.
Diagnostic tests were categorized as essential, recommended, or potentially helpful, with prioritization dependent on case characteristics, eg, for cases with uncomplicated proteinuria versus complicated with hypoalbuminemia, azotemia, or both. Consensus was reached with 86-100% agreement on all questions posed. All cases should have basic examinations including blood pressure measurement, blood, and urine testing, and a search for infectious diseases relevant to their environs. The majority ranked imaging (chest radiographs, abdominal ultrasonogram) and renal biopsy procured and interpreted by experienced personnel as essential evaluations in complicated cases, but a few respondents deemed these to be essential in uncomplicated cases as well.
Strong consensus about recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of dogs with suspected glomerular protein loss was attained. These guidelines help clinicians characterize disease processes for more informed therapeutic decision-making.
国际肾脏学会（IRIS）提供了慢性肾脏病和急性肾损伤的指南。由于患有肾小球疾病的犬可能表现不同，并且需要与患有全肾单位或肾小管疾病的犬不同的治疗方法，因此成立了 IRIS 犬肾小球肾炎（GN）研究小组，为这些病例制定指南。诊断分组被要求为这些病例的诊断评估提出建议。
在评估疑似肾小球疾病引起蛋白尿的犬时，寻求肾脏专家之间的共识。
在回顾文献后，分组小组成员讨论并撰写了论文草案和建议，IRIS 犬 GN 研究小组成员通过电子无记名投票对其进行投票，并注明了评论。如果有 85%的答卷者表示强烈或普遍同意，则宣布达成共识。
诊断测试被归类为必需、推荐或可能有帮助，其优先级取决于病例特征，例如，对于无并发症的蛋白尿病例与伴有低白蛋白血症、氮质血症或两者兼有的病例。所有提出的问题都以 86-100%的同意率达成共识。所有病例都应进行基本检查，包括血压测量、血液和尿液检查，以及寻找与其环境相关的传染病。大多数人将影像学（胸部 X 光片、腹部超声）和由经验丰富的人员获取和解释的肾脏活检视为复杂病例的基本评估，但也有少数答卷者认为这些检查在不复杂的病例中也是必需的。
对于疑似肾小球蛋白丢失的犬的诊断评估建议，达成了强烈的共识。这些指南有助于临床医生描述疾病过程，以便更明智地进行治疗决策。
