Wood R E, Arrizabalaga A, Camps M, Fallon S, Iriarte-Chiapusso M-J, Jones R, Maroto J, de la Rasilla M, Santamaría D, Soler J, Soler N, Villaluenga A, Higham T F G
Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, 1 Mills Road, Canberra 0200, Australia; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom.
Research Team on Prehistory (IT-622-13), University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Tomás y Valiente Street, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
J Hum Evol. 2014 Apr;69:91-109. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.12.017. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
Since the late 1980s, northern Iberia has yielded some of the earliest radiocarbon dated Aurignacian assemblages in Western Europe, probably produced by anatomically modern humans (AMHs). This is at odds with its location furthest from the likely eastern entry point of AMHs, and has also suggested to some that the Châtelperronian resulted from cultural transfer from AMHs to Neanderthals. However, the accuracy of the early chronology has been extensively disputed, primarily because of the poor association between the dated samples and human activity. Here, we test the chronology of three sites in northern Iberia, L'Arbreda, Labeko Koba and La Viña, by radiocarbon dating ultrafiltered collagen from anthropogenically modified bones. The published dates from Labeko Koba are shown to be significant underestimates due to the insufficient removal of young contaminants. The early (c.44 ka cal BP [thousands of calibrated years before present]) Aurignacian chronology at L'Arbreda cannot be reproduced, but the reason for this is difficult to ascertain. The existing chronology of La Viña is found to be approximately correct. Together, the evidence suggests that major changes in technocomplexes occurred contemporaneously between the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions of northern Iberia, with the Aurignacian appearing around 42 ka cal BP, a date broadly consistent with the appearance of this industry elsewhere in Western Europe.
自20世纪80年代末以来，伊比利亚半岛北部出土了一些西欧最早的经放射性碳定年的奥瑞纳文化组合，可能是由解剖学意义上的现代人（AMHs）制造的。这与其距离AMHs可能的东部进入点最远的位置不符，也有人认为夏特佩罗尼文化是由AMHs向尼安德特人文化传播的结果。然而，早期年代学的准确性受到了广泛质疑，主要原因是测年样本与人类活动之间的关联性较差。在这里，我们通过对人为改造骨骼中的超滤胶原蛋白进行放射性碳定年，来检验伊比利亚半岛北部三个遗址——阿尔布雷达、拉贝科·科巴和拉维尼亚——的年代学。结果表明，由于未充分去除年轻污染物，拉贝科·科巴已发表的年代数据被严重低估。阿尔布雷达早期（约44 ka cal BP[距今数千校准年]）的奥瑞纳文化年代学无法重现，但其原因难以确定。拉维尼亚现有的年代学被认为大致正确。综合来看，证据表明，在伊比利亚半岛北部的地中海和大西洋地区，技术复合体的重大变化是同时发生的，奥瑞纳文化大约出现在42 ka cal BP左右，这一日期与西欧其他地区该文化的出现时间大致相符。
