Pancer Brooke, Garaicoa-Pazmiño Carlos, Bashutski Jill D
*Graduate Student, Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI. †PostDoctoral Student, Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI. ‡Clinical Assistant Professor, Director of Predoctoral Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI.
Implant Dent. 2014 Apr;23(2):116-24. doi: 10.1097/ID.0000000000000056.
Accurate knowledge of vital anatomical structures, such as the inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve, and mental foramen, is critical to achieve favorable results during oral surgical procedures and dental implant placement. Although uncommon, variations in mandibular foramina have been reported and if unnoticed and, as a result, injured, may lead to patient morbidity, neurosensory disturbances, and other undesired complications. We present a case report of identification of an accessory mandibular foramen (AMF) encountered during placement of 2 dental implants for a mandibular implant-retained overdenture and demonstrate appropriate management. In addition, we propose a more reasonable terminology for such accessory foramina so as to facilitate communication through common terminology among health care providers. As conventional radiography (periapical and panoramic films) may not allow for proper identification of such anatomical variations, cone-beam computed tomography may be useful in the diagnosis of AMF during treatment planning of dental implants in the mandible.
准确了解重要的解剖结构，如下牙槽神经、颏神经和颏孔，对于在口腔外科手术和牙种植体植入过程中取得良好效果至关重要。虽然下颌孔变异并不常见，但已有相关报道，如果未被注意到并因此受到损伤，可能会导致患者发病、神经感觉障碍和其他不良并发症。我们报告一例在为下颌种植覆盖义齿植入2颗牙种植体时发现副下颌孔（AMF）的病例，并展示了适当的处理方法。此外，我们提出了一种对此类副孔更合理的术语，以便于医护人员通过通用术语进行交流。由于传统放射摄影（根尖片和全景片）可能无法正确识别此类解剖变异，锥形束计算机断层扫描在诊断下颌牙种植体治疗计划中的AMF时可能有用。
