Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J. A. Palméns väg 260, 10900 Hangö, Finland.
J Fish Biol. 2014 Apr;84(4):937-51. doi: 10.1111/jfb.12326. Epub 2014 Mar 18.
This study examined the relationship of seascape structure, prey availability and sex on the post-spawning distribution and diet of European flounder Platichthys flesus in the northern Baltic Sea. The objectives were to determine whether: (1) wave exposure and substratum affect abundance and distribution of P. flesus, (2) diet reflects the benthic prey composition and (3) sex affects the distribution or diet of P. flesus. The results showed that P. flesus was evenly spread in the archipelago with no correlation to wave exposure. The distribution was, however, sex specific; reproductive males dominated the exposed zone and mainly post-reproductive females dominated the intermediate and sheltered zones. Platichthys flesus fed mainly on two bivalve prey species: blue mussels Mytilus edulis and Baltic tellins Macoma balthica. Hard substratum invertebrates dominated the diet in all habitats and apart from some typical soft substratum species, there was no clear link between fish feeding and the dominance structure of benthic prey. Diet was further sex specific, with females showing a broader range of diet than males. Results suggest that P. flesus is a specialist molluscivore found commonly and equally in soft- and hard-substratum habitats throughout the archipelago area. Previous studies on P. flesus in the Baltic Sea have yielded inconsistent results regarding diet and it has commonly been believed that the distribution of Baltic Sea P. flesus is linked to sand and soft substrata. The present findings emphasize the importance of including the entire range of habitats when diet and regional species distributions are assessed.
本研究考察了北欧波罗的海中欧洲比目鱼 Platichthys flesus 产卵后的分布和食性与海域景观结构、猎物可利用性和性别之间的关系。目的是确定以下几点：（1）海浪暴露和基质是否会影响 P. flesus 的丰度和分布；（2）其饮食是否反映了底栖猎物的组成；（3）性别是否会影响 P. flesus 的分布或饮食。结果表明，P. flesus 在群岛中分布均匀，与海浪暴露无关。然而，这种分布具有性别特异性；繁殖雄性主要分布在暴露区，主要是产后雌性主要分布在中间和遮蔽区。P. flesus 主要以两种双壳类猎物为食：贻贝 Mytilus edulis 和波罗的海帘蛤 Macoma balthica。硬底栖无脊椎动物在所有栖息地的饮食中占主导地位，除了一些典型的软底栖物种外，鱼类的摄食与底栖猎物的优势结构之间没有明显的联系。饮食进一步具有性别特异性，雌性的饮食范围比雄性更广。结果表明，P. flesus 是一种常见的专食软体动物的鱼类，在整个群岛地区的软底和硬底栖生境中都很常见且分布均匀。之前对波罗的海 P. flesus 的研究在饮食方面得出了不一致的结果，人们普遍认为波罗的海 P. flesus 的分布与沙子和软底质有关。本研究结果强调了在评估饮食和区域物种分布时，纳入整个栖息地范围的重要性。
