Mennecke Angelika, Gossler Andrea, Hammen Thilo, Dörfler Arnd, Stadlbauer Andreas, Rösch Julie, Kornhuber Johannes, Bleich Stefan, Dölken Marc, Thürauf Norbert
Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany,
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2014 Oct;121(10):1211-9. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1190-6. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
Several studies and recent models of effects of nicotine, the main addictive and psychoactive component in tobacco, point to action of the drug on the limbic system during maintenance of addiction, either direct or indirect via projections from the ventral tegmental area. The objective of this study was to demonstrate physiological effects of cigarette smoking on the hippocampus and the grey matter of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in the human brain with regard to addiction and withdrawal. This aim was achieved by group comparisons of results of magnetic resonance spectroscopy between non-smokers, smokers and smokers during withdrawal. 12 smokers and 12 non-smokers were measured with single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for total N-acetyl aspartate, glutamate and glutamine, choline-containing compounds, myo-inositol and total creatine in the right and the left hippocampus and in the right and the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Smokers were examined twice, first during regular cigarette smoking and second on the third day of nicotine withdrawal. The ratios to total creatine were used for better reliability. In our study, Glx/tCr was significantly increased and tCho/tCr was significantly decreased in the left cingulate cortex in smokers compared to non-smokers (p = 0.01, both). Six out of seven smokers showed normalization of the Glx/tCr in the left cingulate cortex during withdrawal. Although these results are preliminary due to the small sample size, our results confirm the assumption that cigarette smoking interferes directly or indirectly with the glutamate circuit in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.
多项研究以及近期有关烟草中主要成瘾性和精神活性成分尼古丁作用的模型表明，在成瘾维持过程中，该药物对边缘系统产生作用，这种作用要么是直接的，要么是通过腹侧被盖区的投射间接产生的。本研究的目的是证明吸烟对人脑海马体和背侧前扣带回皮质灰质在成瘾和戒断方面的生理影响。这一目标是通过对非吸烟者、吸烟者和戒断期吸烟者的磁共振波谱结果进行组间比较来实现的。对12名吸烟者和12名非吸烟者进行了单体素质子磁共振波谱测量，以测定左右海马体以及左右背侧前扣带回皮质中的总N - 乙酰天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺、含胆碱化合物、肌醇和总肌酸。吸烟者接受了两次检查，第一次是在正常吸烟期间，第二次是在尼古丁戒断的第三天。使用与总肌酸的比率以提高可靠性。在我们的研究中，与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者左侧扣带回皮质中的Glx/tCr显著升高，tCho/tCr显著降低（两者p = 0.01）。七名吸烟者中有六名在戒断期间左侧扣带回皮质中的Glx/tCr恢复正常。尽管由于样本量小，这些结果是初步的，但我们的结果证实了吸烟直接或间接干扰背侧前扣带回皮质谷氨酸回路这一假设。
