加纳沃尔特地区五岁以上学童的贫血情况。
Anaemia among school children older than five years in the Volta Region of Ghana.
作者信息
Egbi Godfred, Steiner-Asiedu Matilda, Kwesi Faribu Saalia, Ayi Irene, Ofosu Winfred, Setorglo Jacob, Klobodu Seth Selorm, Armar-Klemesu Margaret
机构信息
Nutrition Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG581, Legon, Ghana.
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Ghana.
出版信息
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Jan 18;17 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):10. doi: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.17.1.3205. eCollection 2014.
INTRODUCTION
Anaemia among children is a public health issue in Ghana. The Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) was instituted on pilot basis in an effort to provide nutritious lunch to school children. Evidence on the nutritional status of pupils is needed to inform the expansion of GSFP. This study sought to assess anaemia among Ghanaian pupils.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study involved a random sample of 143 pupils aged 6 to 12 years. Blood samples were collected and analysed for serum-ferritin (SF), C-reactive protein (CRP), haemoglobin and malaria-parasitaemia (MP). Stool samples were examined for soil-transmitted helminths. Dietary data were collected using the 24 hour-recall method on three non-consecutive days and a food frequency questionnaire. The Student's t-test was used to compare mean values between sexes. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with anaemia. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
SF and haemoglobin concentrations were 23.9 ± 15 ng/ml and 120 ± 11 g/L respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was 30.8%. More females (41.5%) than males (21.8%) had anaemia (p < 0.005). Seventy-one percent of pupils had low SF levels. MP prevalence was 67.8%. Hookworm infestation was only observed in males (18.0%). Dietary iron and vitamin C intakes were 18.98 ± 8.8 mg and 23.7 ± 6.7 mg, respectively. Child's sex, SF and MP were associated with anaemia. Males had a lower likelihood of being anaemic (OR = 0.2, CI 0.1-0.5, p = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
The study findings underscore the need for multi-pronged approaches that address both malaria control and nutrition in order to reduce anaemia among pupils.
引言
儿童贫血是加纳的一个公共卫生问题。加纳学校供餐计划（GSFP）以试点形式设立，旨在为学童提供营养午餐。需要有关学生营养状况的证据，以为GSFP的扩展提供依据。本研究旨在评估加纳学生中的贫血情况。
方法
这项横断面研究涉及143名6至12岁学生的随机样本。采集血样并分析血清铁蛋白（SF）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血红蛋白和疟原虫血症（MP）。检查粪便样本中的土源性蠕虫。使用连续三天的24小时回顾法和食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。采用学生t检验比较性别之间的平均值。进行二元逻辑回归以确定与贫血相关的因素。设定统计学显著性为p < 0.05。
结果
SF和血红蛋白浓度分别为23.9±15 ng/ml和120±11 g/L。贫血患病率为30.8%。患贫血的女性（41.5%）多于男性（21.8%）（p < 0.005）。71%的学生SF水平较低。MP患病率为67.8%。仅在男性中观察到钩虫感染（18.0%）。饮食中铁和维生素C的摄入量分别为18.98±8.8 mg和23.7±6.7 mg。儿童的性别、SF和MP与贫血相关。男性患贫血的可能性较低（OR = 0.2，CI 0.1 - 0.5，p = 0.002）。
结论
研究结果强调需要采取多管齐下的方法来控制疟疾和营养，以减少学生中的贫血情况。
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