Thankachan Prashanth, Muthayya Sumithra, Walczyk Thomas, Kurpad Anura V, Hurrell Richard F
Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Food Nutr Bull. 2007 Sep;28(3):328-36. doi: 10.1177/156482650702800309.
Anemia and iron deficiency are significant public health problems in India, particularly among women and children. Recent figures suggest that nearly 50% of young Indian women are anemic.
Few studies have comprehensively assessed etiologic factors contributing to anemia and iron deficiency in India. Hence, this study assessed the relative importance of various factors contributing to these problems in young women of low socioeconomic status in Bangalore, India.
A random sample of 100 nonpregnant, nonlactating women 18 to 35 years of age, selected from among 511 women living in a poor urban settlement, participated in this study. Data were obtained on demography, socioeconomic status, anthropometry, three-day dietary intake, blood hemoglobin, hemoglobinopathies, serum ferritin, serum C-reactive protein, and stool parasites.
The prevalence rates of anemia and iron deficiency were 39% and 62%, respectively; 95% of the anemic women were iron deficient. The mean dietary iron intake was 9.5 mg per day, predominantly from the consumption of cereals, pulses, and vegetables (77%). The estimated bioavailability of nonheme iron in this diet was 2.8%. Dietary intakes were suboptimal for several nutrients. Blood hemoglobin was significantly correlated with dietary intake of fat, riboflavin, milk and yogurt, and coffee. Serum ferritin was significantly correlated with intake of niacin, vitamin B12, and selenium. Parasitic infestation was low.
An inadequate intake of dietary iron, its poor bioavailability, and concurrent inadequate intake of dietary micronutrients appear to be the primary factors responsible for the high prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in this population.
贫血和缺铁是印度严重的公共卫生问题，在妇女和儿童中尤为突出。最近的数据显示，近50%的印度年轻女性患有贫血。
很少有研究全面评估导致印度贫血和缺铁的病因。因此，本研究评估了印度班加罗尔社会经济地位低下的年轻女性中导致这些问题的各种因素的相对重要性。
从居住在一个贫困城市社区的511名女性中随机抽取100名年龄在18至35岁之间的非妊娠、非哺乳期女性参与本研究。收集了有关人口统计学、社会经济地位、人体测量学、三天饮食摄入量、血红蛋白、血红蛋白病、血清铁蛋白、血清C反应蛋白和粪便寄生虫的数据。
贫血和缺铁的患病率分别为39%和62%；95%的贫血女性缺铁。平均每日膳食铁摄入量为9.5毫克，主要来自谷物、豆类和蔬菜的摄入（77%）。该饮食中非血红素铁的估计生物利用率为2.8%。几种营养素的膳食摄入量未达最佳水平。血红蛋白与脂肪、核黄素、牛奶和酸奶以及咖啡的膳食摄入量显著相关。血清铁蛋白与烟酸、维生素B12和硒的摄入量显著相关。寄生虫感染率较低。
膳食铁摄入不足、其生物利用率低以及同时膳食微量营养素摄入不足似乎是该人群贫血和缺铁高患病率的主要原因。
