Roskjær Ann B, Andersen Jens Rikardt, Ronneby Helle, Damm Peter, Mathiesen Elisabeth R
Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes .
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015 Jan;28(2):229-33. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2014.906577. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
The impact of the quality and quantity of carbohydrate intake on glycaemic control and pregnancy outcome was evaluated with focus on pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. For women with type 1 diabetes, a gestational weight gain within the lower range of the guidelines of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) is generally recommended. A low-glycaemic index diet is considered safe, and has shown, positive effects on the glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes for both healthy women, those with type 2 diabetic and gestational diabetes (GDM). In general, carbohydrate counting does improve glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes. A moderately low carbohydrate diet with a carbohydrate content of 40% of the calories results in better glycaemic control and comparable obstetric outcomes in type 2 diabetes and GDM when compared to a diet with a higher carbohydrate content, and is regarded safe in diabetic pregnancy. In type 1 diabetes pregnancy, a moderately low carbohydrate diet with 40% carbohydrates has been suggested; however, a minimum intake of 175 g carbohydrate daily is recommended. Despite limited evidence the combination of a low-glycaemic index diet with a moderately low carbohydrate intake, using carbohydrate counting can be recommended for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
以1型糖尿病孕妇为重点，评估了碳水化合物摄入量的质量和数量对血糖控制及妊娠结局的影响。对于1型糖尿病女性，一般建议孕期体重增加在医学研究所（IOM）指南的较低范围内。低血糖指数饮食被认为是安全的，并且已显示对健康女性、2型糖尿病女性和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）女性的血糖控制及妊娠结局均有积极影响。一般而言，计算碳水化合物摄入量确实能改善1型糖尿病患者的血糖控制。与碳水化合物含量较高的饮食相比，碳水化合物含量占热量40%的适度低碳水化合物饮食能使2型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病患者获得更好的血糖控制以及相当的产科结局，并且在糖尿病妊娠中被认为是安全的。在1型糖尿病妊娠中，有人建议采用碳水化合物含量为40%的适度低碳水化合物饮食；然而，建议每日碳水化合物最低摄入量为175克。尽管证据有限，但对于1型糖尿病孕妇，可推荐采用低血糖指数饮食与适度低碳水化合物摄入量相结合并计算碳水化合物摄入量的方法。
