Maire Cyril, Vercambre-Darras Sophie, Desmedt Eve
Rev Prat. 2014 Jan;64(1):61-8.
Melanoma is a rare cancer but it is the cancer with the biggest increase of incidence, especially in caucasian populations. UV exposure and genetic predisposition are the two main risk factors. The diagnosis is often clinically suspected with the "ABCDE" rule. However, there are some diagnostic traps. Histological exam of the whole lesion will confirm diagnosis and guide the management. In case of localised melanoma, Breslow index is the best prognostic index. In case of metastatic melanoma, prognostic is dark. The AJCC classification stages patients in 4 groups according to their global survival.
黑色素瘤是一种罕见的癌症，但却是发病率增长幅度最大的癌症，尤其是在白种人群体中。紫外线暴露和遗传易感性是两个主要风险因素。诊断通常根据“ABCDE”规则在临床上进行怀疑。然而，存在一些诊断陷阱。对整个病变进行组织学检查将确诊并指导治疗。对于局限性黑色素瘤， Breslow指数是最佳的预后指标。对于转移性黑色素瘤，预后不容乐观。美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）分类根据总体生存率将患者分为4组。
