Freyne B, Doyle J, McNamara R, Nicholson A J
Ir Med J. 2014 Feb;107(2):57-9.
Falls from a height result in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Targeted prevention strategies in the US combined data collection, publicity campaigns and building regulation and reduced high falls in New York by 93%. This retrospective cohort study describes children who fell from a height presenting or referred to Children's University Hospital Temple St. over a 2 year period. Case ascertainment was through the Emergency Department Symphony registration system and the Trauma Area Research Network (TARN) database. Forty five falls were identified, 33 falls (73.3%) were in children less than 5 with boys being three times more likely to fall. Forty four falls were from windows, 31 from < 12 feet and 7 were witnessed. Injury severity Scores (ISS) correlated to height of fall; both deaths fells from > 24ft. A publicity campaign is warranted to highlight the frequency of injury following falls from windows. Building legislation is required to safeguard high windows and balconies. A post fall questionnaire would enable the collection of unbiased forensic data.
在全球范围内，高处坠落导致了严重的发病率和死亡率。美国的针对性预防策略结合了数据收集、宣传活动和建筑法规，使纽约的高处坠落事故减少了93%。这项回顾性队列研究描述了在两年时间里，到圣詹姆斯儿童医院就诊或转诊的高处坠落儿童。通过急诊科Symphony登记系统和创伤区域研究网络（TARN）数据库确定病例。共识别出45起坠落事故，其中33起（73.3%）发生在5岁以下儿童中，男孩坠落的可能性是女孩的三倍。44起坠落事故是从窗户坠落，31起是从低于12英尺的高度坠落，7起有目击者。损伤严重程度评分（ISS）与坠落高度相关；两起死亡事故均是从高于24英尺的高度坠落。有必要开展宣传活动，以突出从窗户坠落导致受伤的频率。需要制定建筑法规来保障高窗户和阳台的安全。坠落事故后问卷调查将有助于收集无偏差的法医数据。
