Subcellular distribution of rat pituitary homogenates by poly(ethylene glycol)-dextran countercurrent partitioning.

Rat pituitary homogenates were subjected to two phase countercurrent partition in a poly(ethylene glycol)-dextran mixture using a simple apparatus with enhanced gravity to facilitate the phase separations. Assay of the fractions for organelle marker enzymes and prolactin after 17 transfers showed similar distributions for endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, prolactin granules and plasma membrane at the lowest dextran concentrations. Increasing the dextran concentrations had a differential effect on the various organelles. Excellent resolution of endoplasmic reticulum from the other organelles was obtained and marked organelle heterogeneity was demonstrated. Two-phase countercurrent partition thus offers an alternative approach to the subcellular fractionation of pituitary homogenates and should prove useful in separating endoplasmic reticulum from plasma membrane and other cell components.