J Econ Entomol. 2014 Feb;107(1):230-9. doi: 10.1603/ec13344.
Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) larvae use carbon dioxide (CO2) to locate the roots of their hosts. This study investigated whether an encapsulated CO2 source (CO2-emitting capsules) is able to outcompete CO2 gradients established by corn root respiration in the soil. Furthermore, the following two management options with the capsules were tested in semifield experiments (0.5- to 1-m2 greenhouse plots): the disruption of host location and an "attract-and-kill" strategy in which larvae were lured to a soil insecticide (Tefluthrin) between the corn rows. The attract-and-kill strategy was compared with an application of Tefluthrin in the corn rows (conventional treatment) at 33 and 18% of the standard field application rate. Application of the CO2-emitting capsules 30 cm from the plant base increased CO2 levels near the application point for up to 20 d with a peak at day 10. Both the disruption of host location and an attract-and-kill strategy caused a slight but nonsignificant reduction in larval densities. The disruption of host location caused a 17% reduction in larval densities, whereas an attract-and-kill strategy with Tefluthrin added at 33 and 18% of the standard application rate caused a 24 and 27% reduction in larval densities, respectively. As presently formulated, the CO2-emitting capsules, either with or without insecticide, do not provide adequate control of western corn rootworm.
西方玉米根萤叶甲（Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte）幼虫利用二氧化碳（CO2）来定位其宿主的根系。本研究调查了封装的 CO2 源（CO2 释放胶囊）是否能够与玉米根呼吸在土壤中建立的 CO2 梯度竞争。此外，在半田间实验（0.5-1 平方米温室地块）中测试了以下两种带有胶囊的管理选项：破坏宿主定位和“引诱-杀死”策略，其中幼虫被诱导向玉米行间的土壤杀虫剂（四氟虫腙）。“引诱-杀死”策略与在玉米行间施用四氟虫腙（常规处理）进行了比较，其施用量分别为标准田间施用量的 33%和 18%。将 CO2 释放胶囊施用到距植物基部 30 厘米处，可在长达 20 天的时间内提高施加点附近的 CO2 水平，在第 10 天达到峰值。破坏宿主定位和“引诱-杀死”策略均导致幼虫密度略有但无显著降低。破坏宿主定位导致幼虫密度降低 17%，而在标准施用量的 33%和 18%处添加四氟虫腙的“引诱-杀死”策略分别导致幼虫密度降低 24%和 27%。按照目前的配方，CO2 释放胶囊，无论是否含有杀虫剂，都不能提供对西方玉米根萤叶甲的充分控制。
