Suárez-Medina Ramón, Venero-Fernández Silvia Josefina, de la Mora-Faife Esperanza, García-García Gladys, Del Valle-Infante Ileana, Gómez-Marrero Liem, Fabré-Ortiz Dania, Fundora-Hernández Hermes, Venn Andrea, Britton John, Fogarty Andrew W
Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, Infanta No 1158 e/ Llinásy Clavel, Código Postal 10300 La Habana, Cuba.
BMC Dermatol. 2014 Mar 25;14:6. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-14-6.
There is a concern that allergic disease in childhood is higher than expected in Cuba. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for eczema of infants aged 12-15 months living in Havana.
We used a cross-sectional epidemiological study design. Data on eczema symptoms and a wide range of lifestyle factors were collected by researcher administered questionnaires.
Data were collected on 1956 children (96% response rate), of whom 672 (34%) were reported as having had eczema. Independent risk factors for eczema included young maternal age (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.98 per additional year of age; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99), child's weight (OR 1.13 per additional kg; 95% CI: 1.03-1.25), insect sting allergy (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.33-3.35), rodents in the home (OR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.10-1.76), attendance at childcare facilities (OR 1.34: 95% CI: 1.05-1.70) and self-reported mould in the home (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07-1.41). Infant exposure to paracetamol was associated with an increased risk of eczema even after adjustment for wheeze (OR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.46).
Despite a very different culture and environment, the consistency of these findings with those from more economically developed countries suggests potential causal associations. The association with paracetamol, even after adjustment for wheeze, suggests that intervention studies are required in young infants, to ascertain if this commonly used anti-pyretic medication increases allergic disease.
古巴人担心儿童过敏性疾病高于预期。本研究旨在确定居住在哈瓦那的12至15个月大婴儿患湿疹的风险因素。
我们采用横断面流行病学研究设计。通过研究人员发放的问卷收集湿疹症状和广泛生活方式因素的数据。
收集了1956名儿童的数据(应答率为96%),其中672名(34%)报告曾患湿疹。湿疹的独立风险因素包括母亲年龄小(每增加一岁调整后的优势比(OR)为0.98;95%置信区间(CI)为0.97 - 0.99)、儿童体重(每增加1千克OR为1.13;95%CI:1.03 - 1.25)、昆虫叮咬过敏(OR为2.11;95%CI:1.33 - 3.35)、家中有啮齿动物(OR为1.39;95%CI:1.10 - 1.76)、入托(OR为1.34:95%CI:1.05 - 1.70)以及自我报告家中有霉菌(OR为1.23;95%CI:1.07 - 1.41)。即使在调整喘息因素后,婴儿接触对乙酰氨基酚仍与湿疹风险增加相关(OR为1.22;95%CI:1.03 - 1.46)。
尽管文化和环境差异很大,但这些发现与经济更发达国家的发现一致,提示可能存在因果关联。与对乙酰氨基酚的关联,即使在调整喘息因素后,表明需要对幼儿进行干预研究,以确定这种常用退烧药是否会增加过敏性疾病。