J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Jul;114(7):1001-1008. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.01.015. Epub 2014 Mar 22.
This study evaluated whether a nutrition-education program in child-care centers improved children's at-home daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, at-home use of low-fat/fat-free milk, and other at-home dietary behaviors.
Twenty-four child-care centers serving low-income families were matched by region, type, and size, and then randomly assigned to either an intervention or control condition. In the 12 intervention centers, registered dietitian nutritionists provided nutrition education to children and parents separately during a 6- to 10-week period. They also held two training sessions for center staff, to educate them on healthy eating and physical activity policies at the centers, and distributed weekly parent newsletters that included activities and recipes. Parents (n=1,143) completed a mail or telephone survey at baseline and follow-up to report information on their child's fruit, vegetable, and milk consumption and other dietary behaviors at home. This study used general and generalized linear mixed models to evaluate program impacts, while accounting for the clustering of children within centers. This study included child age, child sex, household size, respondent race/ethnicity, respondent age, and respondent sex as covariates.
The program had a substantial impact on children's at-home daily consumption of vegetables and use of low-fat/fat-free milk. This study also found a significant increase in the frequency of child-initiated vegetable snacking, which might have contributed to the significant increase in vegetable consumption. The program did not have a significant impact on fruit consumption or parental offerings of fruits and vegetables, child-initiated fruit snacking, or child fruit consumption.
This intervention in child-care settings that emphasized children, parents, and teachers significantly increased at-home vegetable and low-fat/fat-free milk consumption among low-income preschoolers.
本研究旨在评估儿童保健中心的营养教育计划是否能改善儿童在家中每日水果和蔬菜的摄入量、在家中使用低脂/脱脂牛奶的情况,以及其他家庭饮食行为。
按照地区、类型和规模将 24 家服务于低收入家庭的儿童保健中心进行匹配,然后随机分为干预组和对照组。在 12 家干预中心,注册营养师分别对儿童和家长进行为期 6-10 周的营养教育。他们还为中心工作人员举办了两次培训课程,向他们传授中心内健康饮食和体育活动政策,并发放每周家长通讯,其中包括活动和食谱。家长(n=1143)在基线和随访时通过邮件或电话调查报告他们孩子在家中水果、蔬菜和牛奶的摄入量以及其他饮食行为的信息。本研究使用一般和广义线性混合模型评估计划的影响,同时考虑到儿童在中心内的聚类。本研究将儿童年龄、性别、家庭规模、受访者种族/民族、受访者年龄和性别作为协变量。
该计划对儿童在家中每日蔬菜摄入量和使用低脂/脱脂牛奶的情况产生了重大影响。本研究还发现,儿童主动食用蔬菜零食的频率显著增加,这可能是蔬菜摄入量显著增加的原因。该计划对水果摄入量或父母提供水果和蔬菜、儿童主动食用水果零食或儿童水果摄入量没有显著影响。
这项针对儿童保健中心的干预措施强调了儿童、家长和教师的作用,显著增加了低收入学龄前儿童在家中蔬菜和低脂/脱脂牛奶的摄入量。