de Sousa Fernandes Perna E B, Theunissen E L, Kuypers K P C, Heckman P, de la Torre R, Farre M, Ramaekers J G
Department Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Neuropharmacology. 2014 Dec;87:198-205. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.008. Epub 2014 Mar 22.
Previous studies have shown that single doses of MDMA can affect mood and impair memory in humans. The neuropharmacological mechanisms involved in MDMA-induced memory impairment are not clear. Memantine, an NMDA and alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antagonist, was able to reverse MDMA-induced memory impairment in rats. This study investigated whether treatment with memantine can prevent MDMA-induced memory impairment in humans. 15 subjects participated in a double-blind, placebo controlled, within-subject design. Subjects received both pre-treatment (placebo/memantine 20 mg) (T1) and treatment (placebo/MDMA 75 mg) (T2) on separate test days. T1 preceded T2 by 120 min. Memory function was assessed 90 min after T2 by means of a Visual Verbal Learning Task, a Prospective Memory Task, the Sternberg Memory Task and the Abstract Visual Pattern Learning Task. Profile of Mood State and psychomotor performance were also assessed to control whether MDMA and memantine interactions would selectively pertain to memory or transfer to other domains as well. MDMA significantly impaired performance in the visual verbal learning task and abstract visual pattern learning task. Pre-treatment with memantine did not prevent MDMA-induced memory impairment in these two tasks. Both positive (vigour, arousal, elation) and negative mood effects (anxiety) were increased by MDMA. The responses were not altered by pretreatment with memantine which had no effect on memory or mood when given alone. These preliminary results suggest that memantine does not reverse MDMA-induced memory impairment and mood in humans. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'CNS Stimulants'.
先前的研究表明，单剂量的摇头丸可影响人类情绪并损害记忆。摇头丸所致记忆损害的神经药理学机制尚不清楚。美金刚是一种N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）和α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱（ACh）受体拮抗剂，能够逆转摇头丸对大鼠造成的记忆损害。本研究调查了美金刚治疗能否预防摇头丸对人类造成的记忆损害。15名受试者参与了一项双盲、安慰剂对照的自身对照设计。受试者在不同的测试日分别接受预处理（安慰剂/美金刚20毫克）（T1）和治疗（安慰剂/摇头丸75毫克）（T2）。T1在T2前120分钟进行。在T2后90分钟，通过视觉言语学习任务、前瞻性记忆任务、斯特恩伯格记忆任务和抽象视觉模式学习任务评估记忆功能。还评估了情绪状态剖面图和精神运动表现，以控制摇头丸与美金刚的相互作用是否会选择性地影响记忆，还是也会转移到其他方面。摇头丸显著损害了视觉言语学习任务和抽象视觉模式学习任务的表现。美金刚预处理未能预防摇头丸在这两项任务中所致的记忆损害。摇头丸增加了积极情绪效应（活力、觉醒、兴高采烈）和消极情绪效应（焦虑）。单独使用美金刚时对记忆或情绪无影响，其预处理并未改变这些反应。这些初步结果表明，美金刚不能逆转摇头丸对人类造成的记忆损害和情绪影响。本文是名为“中枢神经系统兴奋剂”特刊的一部分。
