Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Eur J Immunol. 2014 Jul;44(7):2175-87. doi: 10.1002/eji.201343853. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is a DNA-mutating enzyme that mediates class-switch recombination as well as somatic hypermutation of antibody genes in B cells. Due to off-target activity, AID is implicated in lymphoma development by introducing genome-wide DNA damage and initiating chromosomal translocations such as c-myc/IgH. Several alternative splice transcripts of AID have been reported in activated B cells as well as malignant B cells such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). As most commercially available antibodies fail to recognize alternative splice variants, their abundance in vivo, and hence their biological significance, has not been determined. In this study, we assessed the protein levels of AID splice isoforms by introducing an AID splice reporter construct into cell lines and primary CLL cells from patients as well as from WT and TCL1(tg) C57BL/6 mice (where TCL1 is T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1). The splice construct is 5'-fused to a GFP-tag, which is preserved in all splice isoforms and allows detection of translated protein. Summarizing, we show a thorough quantification of alternatively spliced AID transcripts and demonstrate that the corresponding protein abundances, especially those of splice variants AID-ivs3 and AID-ΔE4, are not stoichiometrically equivalent. Our data suggest that enhanced proteasomal degradation of low-abundance proteins might be causative for this discrepancy.
激活诱导脱氨酶(AID)是一种 DNA 突变酶,它介导 B 细胞中抗体基因的类别转换重组和体细胞超突变。由于脱靶活性,AID 通过引入全基因组 DNA 损伤并引发 c-myc/IgH 等染色体易位而与淋巴瘤的发展有关。在活化的 B 细胞以及恶性 B 细胞(如慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL))中已经报道了几种 AID 的选择性剪接转录本。由于大多数商业上可用的抗体无法识别选择性剪接变体,因此它们在体内的丰度及其生物学意义尚未确定。在这项研究中,我们通过将 AID 剪接报告构建体引入细胞系和来自患者以及 WT 和 TCL1(tg) C57BL/6 小鼠(其中 TCL1 是 T 细胞白血病/淋巴瘤 1)的原发性 CLL 细胞,评估了 AID 剪接异构体的蛋白水平。剪接构建体 5'融合到 GFP 标签上,该标签在所有剪接异构体中都保留,并允许检测翻译的蛋白质。总之,我们对选择性剪接的 AID 转录本进行了彻底的定量,并证明了相应的蛋白质丰度,特别是剪接变体 AID-ivs3 和 AID-ΔE4 的丰度,不是化学计量等效的。我们的数据表明,低丰度蛋白质的增强蛋白酶体降解可能是造成这种差异的原因。