Loss of material from the retrograde axonal transport system in frog sciatic nerve.

Rapid axonal transport was studied in sciatic nerve preparations of the amphibian Xenopus laevis maintained in vitro at 23.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C. A pulse of [35S]methionine-labeled material was allowed to move in the anterograde direction until encountering a lesion, at which a portion of the pulse reversed directions and moved in the retrograde direction. By constricting the nerve during the course of the experiment, it was possible to prevent continuous return of label from the lesion, thus creating a retrogradely moving pulse that contained a defined quantity of radiolabel. Movement of both the anterograde and the retrograde pulse were monitored continuously for up to 24 h using a position-sensitive detector of ionizing radiation. The front and the back edge of the anterograde pulse were found to move at the rates of (mm/day) 179.9 +/- 3.9 (+/- SEM) and 149.9 +/- 5.9, respectively, and the front and the back edge of the retrograde pulse moved at the rates of 155.8 +/- 11.3 and 84.6 +/- 2.9, respectively. By comparison of the quantity of label lost to the stationary phase to the quantity of label calculated to have been present in the anterograde pulse, it was determined that 0.068 +/- 0.009 of the anterograde pulse is lost to each 3.18-mm region of nerve. Comparison of the quantity of label calculated to have been present in the retrograde pulse to that in the anterograde pulse revealed that 0.057 +/- 0.014 of the retrograde pulse is lost to each 3.18-mm region of nerve. It is concluded that protein originating in the cell body and which reverses its direction of transport at a lesion can be lost from the retrograde axonal transport system.