Naragon-Gainey Kristin, Watson David
University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Assessment. 2014 Aug;21(4):387-403. doi: 10.1177/1073191114528030. Epub 2014 Mar 26.
Depression has robust associations with personality, showing a strong relation with neuroticism and more moderate associations with extraversion and conscientiousness. In addition, each Big Five domain can be decomposed into narrower facets. However, we currently lack consensus as to the contents of Big Five facets, with idiosyncrasies across instruments; moreover, few studies have examined associations with depression. In the current study, community participants completed six omnibus personality inventories; self-reported depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and 5 years later. Exploratory factor analyses suggested three to five facets in each domain, and these facets served as prospective predictors of depression in hierarchical regressions, after accounting for baseline and trait depression. In these analyses, high anger (from neuroticism), low positive emotionality (extraversion), low conventionality (conscientiousness), and low culture (openness to experiences) were significant prospective predictors of depression. Results are discussed in regard to personality structure and assessment, as well as personality-psychopathology associations.
抑郁症与人格有着密切的关联，与神经质呈现出强烈的关系，与外向性和尽责性的关联则较为适中。此外，大五人格的每个维度都可以细分为更具体的方面。然而，目前我们对于大五人格方面的内容尚未达成共识，不同测量工具存在差异；而且，很少有研究探讨这些方面与抑郁症的关联。在本研究中，社区参与者完成了六项综合性人格量表；在基线和5年后对自我报告的抑郁症状进行了评估。探索性因素分析表明每个维度有三到五个方面，在考虑了基线和特质性抑郁后，这些方面在分层回归中作为抑郁症的前瞻性预测指标。在这些分析中，高愤怒（来自神经质）、低积极情绪（外向性）、低传统性（尽责性）和低文化性（开放性体验）是抑郁症的显著前瞻性预测指标。我们从人格结构与评估以及人格与精神病理学的关联方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
