Rasa Ehsan, Foglia Laura, Mackay Douglas M, Scow Kate M
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Hydrogeol J. 2013 Nov;21(7):1539-1554. doi: 10.1007/s10040-013-1026-8.
Conservative tracer experiments can provide information useful for characterizing various subsurface transport properties. This study examines the effectiveness of three different types of transport observations for sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation of a three-dimensional site-specific groundwater flow and transport model: conservative tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs), first temporal moments of BTCs (), and tracer cumulative mass discharge () through control planes combined with hydraulic head observations (). High-resolution data obtained from a 410-day controlled field experiment at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California (USA), have been used. In this experiment, bromide was injected to create two adjacent plumes monitored at six different transects (perpendicular to groundwater flow) with a total of 162 monitoring wells. A total of 133 different observations of transient hydraulic head, 1,158 of BTC concentration, 23 of first moment, and 36 of mass discharge were used for sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation of nine flow and transport parameters. The importance of each group of transport observations in estimating these parameters was evaluated using sensitivity analysis, and five out of nine parameters were calibrated against these data. Results showed the advantages of using temporal moment of conservative tracer BTCs and mass discharge as observations for inverse modeling.
保守示踪剂实验可以提供有助于表征各种地下传输特性的有用信息。本研究考察了三种不同类型的传输观测数据对于三维特定场地地下水流动与传输模型的敏感性分析和参数估计的有效性：保守示踪剂突破曲线（BTCs）、BTCs的一阶时间矩（）以及通过控制面并结合水头观测（）得到的示踪剂累积质量通量（）。本研究使用了在美国加利福尼亚州范登堡空军基地进行的为期410天的受控现场实验所获得的高分辨率数据。在该实验中，注入溴化物以形成两个相邻的羽流，在六个不同的断面（垂直于地下水流方向）进行监测，共有162口监测井。总共133个不同的瞬态水头观测数据、1158个BTC浓度观测数据、23个一阶矩观测数据以及36个质量通量观测数据被用于九个流动与传输参数的敏感性分析和参数估计。利用敏感性分析评估了每组传输观测数据在估计这些参数时的重要性，并针对这些数据对九个参数中的五个进行了校准。结果表明，将保守示踪剂BTCs的时间矩和质量通量用作反演建模的观测数据具有优势。
